Middle Ages

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Across
  1. 2. a male holding the highest hereditary title in the British and certain other peerages.
  2. 3. an object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical or sentimental interest.
  3. 4. the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code.
  4. 7. a series of contests between a number of competitors, who compete for an overall prize.
  5. 9. the action of buying and selling goods and services.
  6. 10. system a type of social and political system in which landholders provide land to tenants in exchange for their loyalty
  7. 11. a country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen.
  8. 13. each of a series of medieval military expeditions made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.
  9. 16. an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.
  10. 17. a defensive wall of a castle or walled city, having a broad top with a walkway and typically a stone parapet.
  11. 18. a bridge, especially one over a castle's moat, that is hinged at one end so that it may be raised to prevent people's crossing or to allow vessels to pass under it.
  12. 19. a professional joker or “fool” at a medieval court, typically wearing a cap with bells on it and carrying a mock scepter.
  13. 20. a member of a religious community of men typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
  14. 21. the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.
  15. 22. someone or something having power, authority, or influence; a master or ruler.
  16. 23. a compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on workers' income and business profits, or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions.
  17. 26. belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; aristocratic.
  18. 27. the male ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.
  19. 28. a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).
  20. 30. a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility
Down
  1. 1. a person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially one dealing with foreign countries or supplying merchandise to a particular trade.
  2. 5. the system by which coats of arms and other armorial bearings are devised, described, and regulated.
  3. 6. a large country house with lands; the principal house of a landed estate.
  4. 8. a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor.
  5. 10. an estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service.
  6. 12. a deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle, fort, or town, typically filled with water and intended as a defense against attack.
  7. 13. the principal church of a diocese, with which the bishop is officially associated.
  8. 14. a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance.
  9. 15. female ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.
  10. 21. a large building, typically of the medieval period, fortified against attack with thick walls, battlements, towers, and in many cases a moat.
  11. 24. a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor.
  12. 25. a regal rank and the feminine equivalent of prince.
  13. 28. the son of a monarch.
  14. 29. a member of a religious community of women, especially a cloistered one, living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.