Middle Ages

3. An association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power during the Middle Ages. Guilds protected and supported their members and maintained control over trade practices in their fields.
6. A series of holy wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period, especially the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean with the aim of capturing Jerusalem from Islamic rule.
7. The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which land was granted by the Crown to nobles in exchange for military service, while the peasants (serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce in exchange for military protection.
8. King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages.
10. A building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.

1. Workers who were bound to the land. They were not slaves because they could not be bought or sold, but they could not leave the land without the lord's permission.
2. A devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. It killed a significant portion of the population.
4. Also known as the Medieval Period, it lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.
5. A man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor. Knights followed a code of conduct known as chivalry.
9. Members of the highest social class in the Middle Ages, below only the monarch. They owned land given to them by the monarch and had serfs or peasants working on that land.
10. A large self-sufficient estate or farm belonging to a noble and worked by serfs.