Across
- 2. payments made tot he church as an offering to God
- 6. excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII
- 9. second master that knights fought for
- 12. Who, according to Pope Boniface, must kings always obey?
- 13. first master that knights fought for
- 15. period from 500 to 1500
- 17. meeting that decided the Pope would appoint bishops from then on, but that the Emperor could veto and appointment
- 18. a code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion
- 22. disease known as the Black Death that caused Europe to lose 1/3 of its entire population between 1300 and 1400
- 23. age which knights could begin training
- 24. things like marriage, baptism, communion, and more that provided a path for people to become saved from their sins in the eyes of God
- 26. those who owned land in the feudal system
Down
- 1. third master that knights fought for
- 3. private soldiers who would protect the king's land in exchange for food and shelter
- 4. Frankish king who was eventually named the Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III
- 5. After the death of Charlemagne, how many kingdoms was his empire divided into?
- 7. practice feared by the king because it would have excommunicated their entire kingdom, leading to damnation
- 8. Ruled the Kingdom of the Franks and struck a bargain with the Roman Catholic Church to help fund his armies in exchange for protection
- 10. these arose after the downfall of Rome and included tribes Vandals, Visigoths, Franks, Burgundians, and Ostrogoths
- 11. a political, economic, social, and military system that was based on a set of mutual obligations between those that participated
- 14. a lord's estate in the feudal system
- 16. group who chooses the pope
- 19. weapon that made hand-to-hand combat unnecessary for knights
- 20. anyone in service to a lord
- 21. movement and period of time following the Middle Ages that celebrated the achievement of mankind
- 25. pledged their service to lords