Across
- 5. Germanic language that was highly influenced by Latin and Greek in it's vocabulary (we speak it in the USA).
- 7. Land given by a King to a Lord in exchange for military victories.
- 9. Unwritten code of gentlemanly conduct followed by Christian knights.
- 10. Historic battle in southern France where Charles Martel halted the Muslim advance into Europe.
- 13. Norsemen who migrated from Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, & Denmark) to Europe and Russia.
- 14. A person who received land and owed allegiance to a Lord (a Knight was a "vassal" to their Lord).
- 15. Traders from the Arabian Peninsula, began following the prophet Muhammed around 600 AD (Islam).
- 16. Common laborers who trraded food or labor (work) for protection from the Lord and his Knights.
Down
- 1. Landless peasants who worked the land and could not legally leave the place where they were born.
- 2. Process of rotating crops between three field to give the land time to recover between plantings.
- 3. Viking sailor and navigator who reached North America (before Columbus) in 1000 AD.
- 4. Nomadic horsemen from Central Asia who settled in modern day Hungary.
- 6. Large landowner who lived in a manor house or castle (was granted land in exchange for military service).
- 8. Self-sufficient estate where peasants worked the land for their Lord in exchange for housing & protection.
- 9. fortified medieval building in the center of a manor or fief designed to protect the area from invasion
- 11. Germanic group who settled in England, contributed to the development of the English language.
- 12. Medieval social system based on rights and obligations which developed in response to invasions.