Across
- 2. Death A deadly plague that killed millions of Europeans in the 1300s
- 5. A common worker or farmer in medieval society
- 8. of Arc A French peasant girl who claimed to be guided by God and led France to victories
- 13. A group of craftsmen or merchants who set rules for their trade
- 16. A community where monks lived, worked, and prayed
- 18. A payment made to the Church to reduce punishment for sins
- 20. The lord’s estate that was the center of life in the feudal system
- 21. The Frankish king who united much of Western Europe and promoted education
- 22. Carta A document that limited the English king’s power and protected the rights of nobles
- 24. A mounted warrior who pledged loyalty to a lord
- 26. England’s lawmaking body that began as a council of nobles and clergy
- 28. Being officially kicked out of the Church
- 29. A peasant who worked the land and could not leave the manor without permission
Down
- 1. Giving Church jobs or positions to relatives
- 3. A large and important Christian church building
- 4. The city at the center of conflict during the Crusades
- 6. A noble who owned land and gave portions of it to vassals
- 7. Church officials such as priests, bishops, and cardinals
- 9. Pride and loyalty toward one’s country
- 10. The buying or selling of Church positions
- 11. Years War A long conflict between England and France over land and power
- 12. A person who received land from a lord in return for loyalty and service
- 14. Contract The exchange of land for loyalty and military service
- 15. Religious wars fought to take back the Holy Land from Muslim control
- 17. Seafaring people from Scandinavia who raided and traded across Europe
- 19. The code of conduct that guided knights’ behavior
- 20. A king or queen who ruled a kingdom
- 23. The head of the Roman Catholic Church
- 25. A Church tax equal to one-tenth of a person’s income
- 27. A social and political system where nobles gave land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and protection