Across
- 2. the landowners, knights, and people related to and under the King, either through blood or royal service
- 5. a piece of land that is ruled by a king or a queen
- 7. The people who lived in the monastery
- 9. took vows of chastity, renounced worldly goods and devoted themselves to prayer and religious studies and helping society's most needy
- 10. the physical remains of a holy site or holy person, or objects with which they had contact
- 14. a member of the royal family who was usually the descendant of the king and queen
- 16. system a strict system based on land trade
- 17. places for communal worship, ritual, celebration, education, and governance.
- 23. the religious people of the Middle Ages
- 24. a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups
- 25. a pre industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership
- 26. a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders
- 28. the dwelling of the lord of the manor or his residential bailiff and administrative center of the feudal estate
- 29. the rulers of the provinces and the superiors of the counts in the cities
- 31. a vassal's source of income, held from his lord in exchange for services
Down
- 1. series of military exercises, probably of medieval French origin and confined to western Europe, in which knights fought one another to display their skill and courage
- 3. A noble who held the land
- 4. a length of bank or wall forming part of the defensive boundary of a castle, hill fort settlement or other fortified site
- 5. ruled large areas of land
- 6. those who bought and sold goods
- 8. medieval gentleman soldiers usually high born raised by a sovereign to privileged military status after training as a page and squire
- 11. a member of the household of a nobleman or a monarch employed to entertain guests during the medieval and Renaissance eras
- 12. Medieval Europeans began trading frequently at local markets and at the larger and less frequent fairs held in towns and cities
- 13. the system of visual identification of rank and pedigree
- 15. they were part of royal family
- 18. a deep, wide moat
- 19. one invested with a fief in return for services to an overlord
- 20. the system of raising money for royal and governmental expenses
- 21. powerful rulers, with a tyrannical control of land, nobles, and riches.
- 22. a deep, wide trench surrounding a medieval castle, and maybe a city wall or other fortification, that is usually filled with water
- 23. a code of honor that emphasized bravery, loyalty, and generosity for knights at war in the 11th and 12th centuries
- 25. a male ruler ranked below a king grand prince and grand duke or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family
- 27. A condition where the farmer has to work for there land lord
- 30. a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility.