Across
- 1. Major political institution in Europe from 9th-19th century, meant to be modeled after the Roman Empire
- 3. Wandering musicians who sang about the brave deeds of knights and their devotion to their loves
- 6. Religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
- 7. Made for defense, to house many people, hold supplies, had drawbridges usually, moats, and towers
- 9. Legal and military customs in medieval Europe structuring society around holding of land in exchange for service or labor
- 10. Series of holy wars call by popes with the promise of indulgences for whoever fought, started for Christendom, and for the recovery of Christian property or in defense of the Church of Christian people - mostly they wanted the Holy Land which was under Muslim control
- 13. New wave of nomadic people who overran eastern Europe in 900
- 15. Organization of peasants into villages that owed rent and labor services to nobles
- 17. Lords granted an estate to vassals
- 21. From the Kingdom of the Franks in 486 to the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870
- 24. Member of a group of people in central and eastern Europe
- 26. Old Norse - was a loose federation of East Slavic tribes in Europe from the 9th-13th century
- 28. Movement in 16th century to update the Roman Catholic church but led to the Protestant church separation
- 29. A war fought between England and France over lands England possessed in France and feudal relationships from 1337-1454
- 31. Mock battles to train for battle
- 32. Political and legal relationship between lords and vassals
- 33. 330-1453 CE - Eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Roman Empire at the end of the 5th century CE - capital became Constantinople
- 35. The son of God, a person who was both God and man, the Messiah sent by God to save the human race from sin
- 36. Class of lower nobility, often called a vassal who served to fight for a lord
- 37. A personal follower of Jesus during his life, especially one of the 12 Apostles
- 38. Grandson of Charles Martel, meaning Charles the Great who reunited the empire across France, Italy, and Germany
Down
- 2. Started the first Crusades as a call to assist the Byzantine Empire by providing military reinforcement for the conflict with the Turks in Anatolia
- 4. Established by Pope Gregory IX around 1232 CE to suppress heresy by use of torture
- 5. Member of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Islamic world from 660 to 750 CE and ruled Moorish Spain from 756-1031 CE - claimed a relationship to Muhammad
- 6. First of the Germanic kings to unify the tribe
- 8. 1st was Alfred the Great, King of Wessex or of the House of Wessex
- 11. Owned lands given to them by the king, powerful upper nobility
- 12. Religion of Muslims monotheistic faith founded by Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah
- 14. Known for fierce ways of fighting - expert sailors from Scandinavia
- 16. Bound to land, most peasants on a manor
- 18. Killed about 1/3 of Europeans during the Middle Ages
- 19. A person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch
- 20. 500-1500 CE - political, social, and economic decline and end of the Roman Empire then the rise of individual countries-states
- 22. Prophet of Allah, founder of Islam
- 23. Law code of the Byzantine Empire admired during the Middle Ages
- 25. Eastern Roman emperor 527-565 CE - tried to restore units of the old Roman Empire, the most famous of Roman laws
- 27. Disorganized Germanic tribe under King Clovis - with no written records, laws, or cities
- 30. Member of the dynasty of caliphs ruling Baghdad from 750-1258 CE, claimed relation to Muhammad
- 34. A man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to pursue a life of total dedication to God