Middle Ages Vocabulary

3. A peasant who was tied to the land and worked for the lord.
6. Religious wars in the Middle Ages, mostly fought by Christians to take control of the Holy Land.
9. A noble who owned land and gave some of it to others in exchange for loyalty.
10. The everyday language spoken by ordinary people.
11. Land and property owned by a person or family.
15. A church-led court to punish heresy and enforce religious rules.
16. The effort by Christian kingdoms to drive Muslims out of Spain.
18. A lord’s estate, including farmland, village, and home.
19. Belief or opinion that goes against the official teachings of the church.
20. A group of people with the same trade or craft who protect their rights and quality of work.

1. A church order that forbids priests from performing religious services in a certain area.
2. A system in medieval Europe where people worked and fought for nobles in exchange for protection and land.
4. A town-dwelling merchant or craftsman in medieval Europe.
5. Officially excluding someone from participating in the church.
6. Church officials, such as priests, bishops, and monks.
7. A religious ceremony believed to bring God’s grace, like baptism or communion.
8. When kings or nobles appoint church officials instead of the church.
12. A document from 1215 that limited the king’s power and protected certain rights.
13. The code of conduct for knights, emphasizing honor, loyalty, and bravery.
14. A soldier on horseback who served a lord and followed a code of honor.
17. A person who received land from a lord in exchange for loyalty and service.