Across
- 4. Is the name given to the division of the Roman Catholic Church in which rival popes sat in both Rome and Avignon.
- 5. Was a kind of heavy plow important to medieval agriculture in Northern Europe.
- 7. is the native language or native dialect (usually colloquial or informal) of a specific population, especially as distinguished from a literary, national or standard variety of the language, or a lingua franca, used in the region or state inhabited by that population.
- 11. An __________ involves the withholding of certain sacraments and clerical offices from certain persons and even territories, usually to enforce some type of obedience.
- 13. The physical remains of a holy site or holy person, or objects with which they had contact, is as old as the faith itself and developed alongside it.
- 14. The philosophical systems and speculative tendencies of various medieval Christian thinkers, who, working against a background of fixed religious dogma, sought to solve anew general philosophical problems (as of faith and reason, will and intellect, realism and nominalism, and the provability of the existence of God).
- 16. Were an important part of life in Medieval times. A higher social status could be achieved through guild membership, and feudalism encouraged people to do this.
- 17. Religion whose beliefs did not wholly conform with the medieval Church's doctrines.
Down
- 1. Death The disastrous mortal disease, spread across Europe in the years 1346-53.
- 2. Referred originally to exactions that seigneurs demanded from people under their power, but it also came to describe a method of assessment—apportionment among households on the basis of their presumed ability to pay.
- 3. Was the district over which a lord had domain and could exercise certain rights and privileges in medieval England.
- 6. Is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading).
- 8. Spiked markedly after the Roman Empire under Constantine accepted Christianity in the early 300s. Laws were passed restricting or removing the Jews from many elements of public life.
- 9. Saint Thomas Aquinas was a Catholic philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition. He is considered by the Catholic church to be its greatest theologian and one of the thirty-three Doctors of the Church.
- 10. Was established in response to movements considered apostate or heretical to Christianity, in particular Catharism and Waldensians in Southern France and Northern Italy.
- 12. In the first Christian centuries being a philosopher was still a practical alternative to being a Christian. Was driven by the rebirth experienced by Western Europe beginning in the 1000s owing to the emergence of stable monarchies and reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
- 15. People who laboured in the lord's household or at work on his domain.
- 18. A word of 4 letters that tells that something is awesome and was in the Middle Ages.