Middle Ages

3. the political system during the Middle Ages having its basis the relation of lord to vassal with all land held in fee and as chief characteristics homage, the service of tenants under arms and in court, wardship, and forfeiture
8. in medieval Europe, a lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord
9. exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Church laws
12. authority of medieval popes over all secular rulers
15. referring to the Middle Ages in Europe or the period of history between ancient and modern times
16. sparsely populated, underdeveloped area on the outskirts of civilization
17. noble in Europe who served as a mounted warrior for a lord in the Middle Ages
19. in the Middle Ages, the split between Eastern and Western Churches
20. to cancel or invalidate
22. holy war
23. a member of a usually mendicant Roman Catholic order

1. agents of Emperor Charlemagne who traveled throughout the empire to check the conditions of the roads, listen to grievances and see that justice is done
2. a member of the lowest feudal class, attached to the land owned by a lord and required to perform labor in return for certain legal or customary rights
4. code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages
5. sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church
6. exchange of pledges between lords and vassals
7. the appointment of bishops, abbots, and other church officials by feudal lords and vassals
10. the district over which a lord had domain and could exercise certain rights and privileges in medieval western Europe
11. in the Roman Catholic Church, an ecclesiastical censure that excludes a person or district from participation in most sacraments and from Christian burial
13. a person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages
14. in the Middle Ages, a written document that set out the rights and privileges of a town
18. a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power
21. money of wealth
23. in the Middle Ages, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty