Across
- 3. stemmed from the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the U.S. in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (the Mexican claim) or the Rio Grande (the U.S. claim).
- 5. The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for white settlement of their ancestral lands
- 6. restriction of interest to a narrow sphere; undue concern with local interests or petty distinctions at the expense of general well-being.
- 11. a steel-making process, now largely superseded, in which carbon, silicon, and other impurities are removed from molten pig iron by oxidation in a blast of air in a special tilting retort a Bessemer converter.
- 13. principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives, who are the source of all political power.
- 14. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
- 17. document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain.
- 20. a post-Civil War American secret society advocating white supremacy.
- 24. first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
- 25. the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas.
- 28. a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors.
- 30. acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803.
- 33. were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States
- 34. war a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.
- 37. the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.
- 38. warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.
- 39. Was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries
- 41. an estate on which crops such as coffee, sugar and tobacco are cultivated by resident labor.
- 42. They were distinguished by their fierce advocacy for the abolition of slavery, enfranchisement of black citizens, and holding the Southern states financially and morally culpable for the war.
- 43. authorized the federal government to break up tribal lands by partitioning them into individual plots. Only those Native Americans who accepted the individual allotments were allowed to become US citizens
- 45. this amendment states All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside
- 46. principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power.
- 47. information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view
- 48. a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside.
Down
- 1. The first permanent English settlement in NorthAmerica
- 2. armed uprising in Western Massachusetts in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes
- 4. legal designation for an area of land managed by a federally recognized Indian tribe under the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs rather than the state governments of the United States in which they are physically located.
- 7. method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory.
- 8. was a conflict fought between the United States and its allies, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and its allies
- 9. This amendment states the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
- 10. This treaty, signed on February 2, 1848, ended the war between the United States and Mexico. ... By its terms, Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including parts of present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah, to the United States.
- 12. belief in the benefits of profitable trading commercialism.
- 15. was the flagship Indian boarding school in the United States from 1879 through 1918. All the school's property, known as the Carlisle Barracks, is now part of the U.S. Army War College. Horrible conditions
- 16. was the period after the American Civil War from 1865 to 1877, during which the United States grappled with the challenges of reintegrating into the Union the states that had seceded and determining the legal status of African Americans.
- 18. was a long series of English laws that developed, promoted, and regulated English ships shipping, trade, and commerce between other countries and with its own colonies
- 19. a prolonged war or period of conflict during which each side seeks to gradually wear out the other by a series of small-scale actions.
- 21. late-18th century movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government
- 22. a person who remains loyal to the established ruler or government, especially in the face of a revolt.
- 23. indentured laborer is an employee within a system of unfree labor who is bound by a signed or forced contract to work without pay for the owner of theindenture for a period of time.
- 26. a 1,912-mile continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay.
- 27. pronouncement adopted by the second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 4, 1776.
- 29. the action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution.
- 31. A crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower.
- 32. This amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
- 35. closed down colonial expansion westward beyond Appalachia
- 36. pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by Native American allies.
- 40. the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.
- 44. the federal principle or system of government.