Across
- 2. Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Instead, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
- 6. An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.
- 8. Bias when people report their behavior inaccurately.
- 9. A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
- 11. bias A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample.
- 13. A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
- 14. A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
- 15. A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
Down
- 1. The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that you would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.)
- 3. Bias from people's responding in ways they presume a researcher expects or wishes.
- 4. definition A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. (Also known as operationalization.)
- 5. All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. (Note: Except for national studies, this does not refer to a country's whole population.)
- 7. The possibility that an idea, hypothesis, or theory can be disproven by observation or experiment.
- 10. A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
- 12. Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced.