Module 17 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 3. A biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease; it is often made from weakened or killed forms of a microbe or one of its surface proteins to stimulate the immune system,
  2. 4. The protein shell of a virus that encloses its genetic material (DNA or RNA).
  3. 8. The viral replication cycle that results in the destruction (lysis) of the host cell and the release of new virus particles,
  4. 10. A type of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic organisms (like bacteria) where a single parent cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells,
  5. 12. A tough, non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria when environmental conditions are unfavorable; it allows the bacterium to survive harsh conditions,
Down
  1. 1. The region within a prokaryotic cell (like a bacterium) where the cell's circular DNA is located; it is not enclosed by a membrane,
  2. 2. An appendage on the surface of some bacteria that is involved in attachment and the transfer of genetic material during conjugation,
  3. 5. A protein-only infectious particle that causes normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally, leading to fatal neurological diseases,
  4. 6. A layer of polysaccharide or polypeptide that lies outside the cell wall of some bacteria; it helps protect the cell from dehydration and being engulfed by host immune cells,
  5. 7. The transfer of genetic material (DNA) between two bacterial cells that are temporarily joined, often through a pilus,
  6. 8. The viral replication cycle which the viral nucleic acid integrates into the host cell's genome and remains dormant, replicating along with the host cell's DNA without immediately destroying the cell.
  7. 9. An infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat; it can only replicate by infecting a host cell and using the host's cellular components,
  8. 10. A single-celled prokaryotic microorganism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, is metabolically active, and typically reproduces by binary fission,
  9. 11. A type of virus that contains RNA as its genetic material and uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy, which is then incorporated into the host cell's DNA,