Module 3: Waves and Thermodynamics

5. The apparent bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another.
8. The transfer of energy through matter without the transfer of matter itself.
10. The state in which two objects in contact are at the same temperature and no net heat flows between them(7/11).
13. The time taken for one complete wave cycle.
17. The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of fluids.
18. The maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position.
21. An increase in wave amplitude when a system is driven at its natural frequency.
22. A region of low pressure in a longitudinal wave.
23. Energy transferred because of a temperature difference.
24. The maximum displacement from equilibrium for a transverse wave.
25. The energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature (6/4).
26. The property that determines the average kinetic energy of particles.
27. The minimum displacement from equilibrium for a transverse wave.

1. The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C (or 1 K) (8/4/8).
2. A region of high pressure in a longitudinal wave.
3. The total kinetic and potential energy of particles in a substance (8/6).
4. A wave in which particles vibrate parallel to the direction of travel.
6. The distance between two consecutive crests or compressions.
7. When two or more waves overlap to produce a resultant wave.
9. The spreading of waves as they pass through a gap or around an obstacle.
11. The change in frequency caused by relative motion between the source and the observer 7/6).
12. The speed at which a wave travels through a medium (4/5).
14. The number of complete waves passing a point each second.
15. The law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed (12/2/6).
16. The transfer of thermal energy by direct particle collisions.
19. A wave in which particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of travel.
20. The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves.