Module A Vocabulary

4. painful or difficult urination
5. mild to moderate increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine which does not result in clinical signs
6. the production of abnormally small amounts of urine
9. each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine
10. resembling a crystal in shape or structure
13. the presence of red blood cells in the urine
15. abnormally high blood pressure
16. weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness
19. elevated calcium in the urine
20. slow and painful discharge of urine drop by drop produced by spasmodic muscular contraction of the urethra and bladder

1. the presence of bacteria in the urine
2. a severe increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine which results in clinical signs
3. ischemia the deficiency of blood in one or both kidneys or nephrons, usually due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel
7. deficiency of potassium in the bloodstream
8. the action of urinating
11. the presence of crystals in the urine
12. frequent abnormal urination
14. elevated potassium in the blood
17. failure of the kidneys to produce urine
18. an abnormal sac or pouch formed at a weak point in the wall of the alimentary tract