Across
- 5. - It refers to the range of language styles, from highly formal to intimate, available for different contexts.
- 6. behavior-Non-verbal expressions or actions that convey behavior, emotions, beliefs, lifestyle, or identity.
- 7. - A native language that emerges from situations where diverse groups, lacking a common language, are compelled to communicate.
- 8. language- A global language, or lingua franca, enables communication between speakers of different native languages. English, Spanish, and French are recognized as international languages among the world's 6,000 languages. For example, at the Olympics, formal communication primarily happens in these three languages, alongside the host country's official language.
- 11. tongue-A person's first language, learned at home during childhood, is known as their native or family language. An official language is used in formal contexts such as government, education, and law, with some countries recognizing multiple official languages, like Canada (English and French) and India (English and Hindi)
- 14. a regional or social variety of a language, distinguished by differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, and sometimes grammar. Examples include British, American, Nigerian, and Caribbean English. Caribbean Creole has various dialects, such as Jamaican, Bajan, Belize Kriol, and Trinidadian Creole, with further variation within each territory.
- 16. creole- has a vocabulary mainly derived from a European language but follows non-European grammatical rules. St. Lucian Kwéyòl is an example of a creole with a French lexical base.
- 18. where sounds or letters in a word are rearranged, such as "aks" for "ask," "flim" for "film," or "cripsy" for "crispy."
- 19. creole- An English-lexified language arises from historical trauma, where a dominant English-speaking minority oppresses a majority whose native language significantly shapes the new language's grammatical structure.
- 20. aphesis-The gradual omission of an unstressed initial vowel in words, such as "spector" for "inspector," "ductor" for "conductor," and "gainst" for "against."
Down
- 1. influenced vernacular-A common form of social communication, influenced by Creole features, regularly used in specific communities like Barbados.
- 2. identifier- A digital representation, like a name, icon, picture, or symbol, created to uniquely identify a person or entity.
- 3. verbal particle marker-A pre-verbal particle precedes a verb and modifies its meaning by indicating the time and nature of the action. For example, in "does teach," *does* signals present time, emphasis, and regularity, commonly found in Caribbean English Creoles.
- 4. language-The dialect used for education and formal purposes is considered the most prestigious form of the language.
- 6. standard English-The standardized form of English used across the English-speaking Caribbean for education, business, and official matters is mutually intelligible.
- 9. between language varieties within a single conversation or sentence, such as moving from Standard English ("I went late to the market") to Creole ("mi no get no food").
- 10. expression- An expression which has a figurative meaning that can't be deduced from its individual words. English examples include "raining cats and dogs" and "kick the bucket," while Caribbean Creole includes phrases like "to kiss/suck teeth" and "to cut your eye (at someone).
- 12. language is a structured means of expressing ideas and emotions through words and signs. It includes dialects and personal speech variations (idiolects) and can be classified as international, official, or national. Languages also belong to families, like the Romance languages, which include French, Italian, and Spanish.
- 13. A person’s unique way of speaking or writing is shaped by their pronunciation, word choice, and sentence structure.
- 15. The addition of one or more sounds to a word is illustrated by examples like "Simith" for "Smith," "sumall" for "small," and "sinake" for "snake."
- 17. It’s the type of language people in a community or country use every day to communicate with each other.