Molecular Genetics Ch. 8

Edit Answers
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839
Across
  1. 1. Nitrogenous bases consisting of one ring structure; thymine and cytosine.
  2. 5. Describes the orientation of the two DNA strands
  3. 11. The shape of DNA, resembling a spiral staircase.
  4. 13. An enzyme which degrades DNA.
  5. 14. The sides of the DNA double helix; composed of alternating phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugars.
  6. 17. Deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic (heredity) material.
  7. 18. acid The monomers that combine to form a polypeptide (protein).
  8. 20. Mutation that disrupt the reading frame by insertions or deletions of a non-multiple of three nucleotide bases.
  9. 23. The segment of transcription that the further addition of RNA nucleotides; also refers to the process during translation of adding additional amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.
  10. 24. The process of making an mRNA from the information in the DNA sequence.
  11. 25. Messenger RNA; serves as a nucleic acid intermediate between the nucleus and the ribosomes.
  12. 27. The DNA strand at the opposite side of the replication fork from the leading strand.
  13. 30. A virus that infects bacteria
  14. 32. The process in which a cell’s entire DNA is copied.
  15. 34. An enzyme that builds a short RNA primer on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
  16. 37. The code in which the language of nucleotides is used to create the language of amino acids.
  17. 38. The enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together during DNA replication.
  18. 39. site Within the ribosome; binds a tRNA with an attached amino acid.
Down
  1. 2. The enzyme that builds a new DNA strand during DNA replication.
  2. 3. Short fragments of DNA that comprise the lagging strand.
  3. 4. Monomer of nucleic acids, composed of a nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.
  4. 6. Nitrogenous bases consisting of two ring structures; adenine and guanine.
  5. 7. Non-membrane bound organelle; site of protein synthesis.
  6. 8. The DNA strand that DNA polymerase constructs in the 5’ → 3’ direction.
  7. 9. The region of a gene that contains the code for producing a protein.
  8. 10. A sequence of three nucleotides within mRNA; encodes for a specific amino acid or terminationsequence
  9. 12. Process by which pre-mRNA messages can be spliced in several different configurations, allowing a single gene to encode multiple proteins
  10. 15. A segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to encode an RNA molecule or a protein.
  11. 16. Ribonucleic acid; single-stranded nucleic acid.
  12. 19. Transfer RNA; brings amino acids to the ribosome.
  13. 21. The change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA (heredity material) by a cell.
  14. 22. A 3 base sequence on the tRNA that base pairs with the codon on the mRNA.
  15. 26. Ribosomal RNA; together with proteins, forms ribosomes.
  16. 28. A modified guanine nucleotide added to the 5’-end of the pre-mRNA; crucial for recognition and properattachment of the mRNA to the ribosome.
  17. 29. An enzyme that joins broken nucleotides together by catalyzing the formation of a bond between the phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar of adjacent nucleotides in the DNA backbone.
  18. 31. The process of changing the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA to allow the mRNA to produce multiple proteins.
  19. 33. The process of making a protein from the information in a mRNA sequence.
  20. 35. site Within the ribosome; contains the tRNA that no longer has an attached amino acid.
  21. 36. A segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to encode an RNA molecule or a protein