Across
- 3. Second New England School composer who was the first American woman to achieve success with larger forms like the symphony; her Gaelic Symphony uses Scottish and Irish melodies, reflecting her heritage
- 4. Second New England School composer who in spite of taking issue with Dvorak’s suggestion still used Native American melodies in some works, like his Indian Suite
- 7. 1920s style of country, primarily based on folk ballads and fiddle tunes from the British Isles
- 9. Late 20th century artistic movement that sought an intentionally simplified style; in music based upon the repetition and gradual variation of simple melodic fragments
- 13. ________ swing: a style of country that developed in Texas in the 1930s, which mixed traditional fiddle tunes with big band swing
- 14. ______ music: Commonly known as classical music, a genre based on a tradition of written music that emerged in European courts and churches
- 15. An extended work for orchestra; in the 19th century it became the most complex and important genre for art music composers to master
- 18. A compositional technique that rejects tonality in favor of having all pitches be equal in importance
- 19. 19th-century American piano virtuoso and composer who was inspired by his tours of the Caribbean and Latin America
- 20. A secular Afro-Cuban folk music, featuring a lead vocalist and chorus, congas and claves; influential in the development of son and salsa. It has three sections: diana, canto, and montuno
- 21. percussionist and bandleader who popularized Latin dance genres and became a symbol of Puerto Rican identity
- 23. Mexican-born vihuelist and mariachi director who was a leading promoter of mariachi music in the United States; his Mariachi Los Camperos earned widespread recognition
- 25. Enormously popular Mexican American singer whose crossover appeal brought attention to tejano music, even before her tragic death in 1995 at the age of 23.
- 26. The ______ Family: Influential country music artists, originally including A.P., his wife Sara and her sister Maybelle, whose repertory of traditional songs, ballads and hymns became country standards
- 27. Folk-derived popular music that developed in the Southeast U.S., influenced by Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional ballads, gospel, cowboy songs, and the blues, with lyrics that traditionally celebrate rural, working-class culture
- 29. Influential popular music style that emerged in the mid-1950s as a combination of rhythm and blues, country, gospel, boogie-woogie, and swing, popular among both white and black audiences
- 31. 20th century artistic movement; in music it favored experimentalism and a rejection of traditional elements of music, such as tonality
- 33. Internationally known Bohemian composer who in the late 19th century influenced American composers through his ideas of using Native and African American folk melodies to create a distinctively American style
- 34. Singer, guitarist, and bandleader whose band The Comets combined swing with rhythm and blues; their “Rock Around the Clock” from 1955 was the first international rock & roll hit
- 35. Dance genre developed by Cuban and Puerto Rican immigrants in New York in the 1960s, featuring elements from Cuban son and jazz; for many Latinos it mediates conflicts between tradition and modernity
- 36. rhythmic pattern of Cuban origin featuring a series of eighth notes arranged in irregular groups of 2 and 3; a fundamental element of Afro-Cuban musics
- 37. Minimalist composer who writes “process music”, an idea based on tape loops.
- 40. Experimentalist composer who was unknown for most of his composing career; musical quotations are an inherent part of his compositions, such as in Three Places in New England.
Down
- 1. Composer who pioneered minimalist music in the mid 1960s; his In C uses elements of chance music.
- 2. Singer, guitarist, songwriter who combined traditional rural country, blues, gospel, honky-tonk with heartfelt, relatable lyrics
- 5. Accordionist and composer, considered the father of Texas Mexican music, also known as “El huracán del valle”
- 6. Country singer and songwriter whose popularity began as a result of the 1927 Bristol Sessions; his “Blue Yodels” show the strong influence of the blues on his music
- 8. Grammy-award winning pop and country singer whose 1987 album Canciones de mi padre was influential in spurring interest in mariachi music and highlighted mariachi as a symbol of Mexican American identity
- 10. 1940s style of country named after the noisy Texas dance halls in which it developed, featuring frank, realistic lyrics on harsh subjects
- 11. Supergroup including accordionist Flaco Jimenez and guitarist Freddy Fender, and singer Doug Sahm, which mixed conjunto tejano with R&B and country
- 12. An ensemble common on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, centered around the accordion and bajo sexto
- 16. Composer who sought to express the African American experience in his works, such as his Afro-American Symphony
- 17. 1940s style of country that showcases virtuosic banjo and fiddle players
- 22. 20th century composer who achieved a distinctively American style by incorporating elements of jazz and other vernacular musics, such as in Appalachian Spring
- 24. A Mexican narrative song form, that rose to popularity with the Mexican Revolution of 1910 as a means for sharing current events, performed by conjuntos and mariachis
- 26. A term referring to Mexican Americans; although it previously had negative connotations, it was reclaimed during the 1960s civil rights movement as a symbol of pride in Mexican American heritage
- 28. Term usually referring specifically to a Sinaloa ensemble consisting of brass, woodwinds, percussions and tambora, influential in música norteña
- 30. French composition teacher who, beginning in the 1920s, was responsible for training several generations of American composers.
- 32. Musical tradition originating in Western Mexico, especially the state of Jalisco, with an ensemble typically consisting of trumpet, violin, vihuela, guitar, guitarrón and sometimes harp; it is an important cultural symbol of Mexican and Mexican American identity
- 38. Composer who radically expanded the range of sounds allowed to be considered “music,” using the prepared piano and inventing several aleatory compositional techniques.
- 39. _________ music: Also known as aleatory music, it is an experimental genre in which the composer gives up control over significant aspects of the composition or performance of the piece. The most extreme example might be Cage’s 4’33’’