MUS285 Exam 2 Review

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Across
  1. 2. The word _______ [ɛ ˈtɛr nam] is an example of the rule that in Latin, the mixed vowels æ and œ are pronounced as [ɛ]
  2. 3. Italian and Spanish diphthongs usually consist of a strong vowel followed by a _________ vowel.
  3. 5. The Italian word _______ [ˈkɔ sa], along with core, rosa, sposa, and poco, are exceptions to the rule that O at the end of a stressed syllable is usually closed [o].
  4. 6. Most Latin consonants are pronounced the _________ as in Italian, with the exception of H, S, X and Z.
  5. 8. The vowels A, E, and O are considered __________ vowels in Italian and Spanish. When two are consecutive, they will usually form two syllables.
  6. 11. __________ syllables will usually be set on a strong beat. Changing this can change the meaning of the word. In Spanish, these syllables will be louder but not longer.
  7. 13. The Spanish name ________ [ˈXɔr Xɛ] exemplifies the fact that both a G before E/I and a J are the same sound in Spanish.
  8. 14. When singing glides, you should sustain the _______ vowel.
  9. 16. The letter A in Italian, Latin or Spanish is _________ [a]
  10. 17. The Italian word ________ [po ˈtrɛ:i] is an example of the rule that the diphthong EI usually includes an open E, except for the word pei [pe:i].
  11. 19. In _________ Spanish, which is spoken in Spain, some pronunciation rules are different from Latin American Spanish. The main difference is in the use of [θ] for Z and a C before E/I.
  12. 21. In Italian, the vowels I + A/E/O are separated into ____ syllables in a three-letter word with no accent mark, and in a multi-syllable word when I is stressed, followed by A/E/O with no accent. Otherwise, they will be a glide in a single syllable. A + a glide or triphthong, uio and uoio will also be separated into this number of syllables.
  13. 22. The Spanish word _________ [ak ˈsjɔn] is an example of the rule that CC is pronounced as [ks] in Spanish.
  14. 24. The Italian word ________ [pɔ:i] is an example of the rule that the diphthong OI will usually include an open O, except for the words voi, noi, and coi which use a closed O [o]
  15. 25. In Italian, these 4 consonants, when followed by another consonant, will be separated into two different syllables. An unstressed “e” before them and another consonant will be [ɛ]
  16. 26. When singing diphthongs, you should sustain the ______ vowel.
  17. 27. In Italian and Spanish, a ________ consists of a weak vowel followed by a strong vowel. The first vowel will be short.
  18. 28. In Italian, Latin, and Spanish, the consonants D, T, L and N are pronounced with the tip of the tongue against the back of the teeth, thus they are known as _________ consonants.
  19. 30. In Italian, the letters GLI become the symbol [ʎ], known as _______, which is produced with the tip of the tongue behind bottom front teeth, and the arch of tongue touching the front of hard palate. This sound does not exist in Latin, but it does exist in Castilian Spanish for the LL/Y.
  20. 32. _________ syllables in Italian are shorter and lower in pitch but the vowel doesn’t change. In one of these syllables, the letter O is usually closed [o], except when it is before R + another consonant.
  21. 35. An ________ mark over a vowel in Italian or Spanish indicates it should be stressed. Sometimes the accent mark can change the word’s meaning.
  22. 37. In Italian, shortening a word, usually when the final vowel has been dropped, as in the word “cor". The vowel sounds and syllable stress in a word that has been shortened should be the same as in the original word.
  23. 38. The Italian word _________ [ˈvjɔ la] is an example of the rule that the IO glide will usually include an open O when it is in the interior of a word, or stressed and final with an accent mark, except for fiore, passione, or in a final unstressed syllable
  24. 39. The Latin word _________ [‘mi ki] is an exception to the rule that an H in Latin (and also Italian and Spanish) is usually silent.
  25. 40. Italian is a nearly _________ language; most letters have 1 or 2 possible sounds. Pronunciation depends on syllable stress, the position of the vowel, and the letters that are next to it.
  26. 42. In Italian, the letters GN become the symbol [ɲ], known as _______, which is a nasal palatal consonant, produced with the arch of the tongue against the soft palate. This rule also applies in Latin. In Spanish, this sound corresponds to the letter Ñ.
  27. 43. The Italian word _______ [ˈsɔr te] is an example of the rule that O followed by a consonant in the same stressed syllable will usually be open, except for certain words, O followed by L + C,F,G,M,P,T, O followed by MB, MM, MP, and O followed by N in the same syllable
Down
  1. 1. In most Italian words, the primary stress is on the _________ syllable.
  2. 4. In _________ Spanish, the sound [ʒ] is used instead of an elya for the letters LL or Y before a vowel.
  3. 5. In Italian, the letter E at the end of a stressed syllable is usually _______ [e]; also if it is a final è or é, and in an unstressed syllable, except before LMNR + another consonant.
  4. 7. The Italian word ________ [ke] is an example of the rule that a CH in both Italian and Latin is pronounced [k].
  5. 9. The Italian word _______ [ˈɛ:u ɾo] is an example of the rule that the diphthong EU in a stressed syllable will usually include an open E, whereas in an unstressed syllable it will include a closed E [e].
  6. 10. The Italian word _________ [ˈgwɛr: ra] is an example of the rule that the UE glide will usually include an open E, except for quello and questo where it will be a closed E [e]. In Spanish, this same word would have a silent U and be pronounced [ˈgɛ ra].
  7. 12. The Italian word _________ [ˈvjɛ ni] is an example of the rule that the IE glide will usually include an open E when it is in the interior of a word, or stressed and final with an accent mark, except for liete, insieme, pietà and siete, or in an interior or final unstressed syllable
  8. 15. The first vowel of a diphthong is longer than the second vowel. This is indicated with a _______.
  9. 18. The Latin word _______ [ɛk ˈʃɛl sis] is an example of the rule that an initial EXC before an [ɛ] or [i] sound is [kʃ]
  10. 20. In Italian, Latin and Spanish, the letter R will be _________ if it is initial or final, after a consonant in the same syllable or after a stressed vowel and before a consonant.
  11. 21. The Italian word __________ [tɔr ˈmen to] is an example of the rule that the letter O in an unstressed syllable before R + another consonant will be open. This is an exception to the rule that an unstressed O is usually closed [o].
  12. 23. The letter E will be ________ [ɛ] when it ends a stressed third-to-last syllable, it ends a stressed syllable before S + another consonant, it ends a stressed syllable after I or U, it ends a stressed syllable before a vowel, or it is followed by a consonant in the same stressed syllable. In Latin, the combined vowels AE and OE will also be this sound, as well as the E and O in both Latin and Spanish
  13. 29. Three consecutive vowels uttered in a single syllable. In Italian, they may consist of a glide + a diphthong, or two glides + a vowel
  14. 31. Latin is no longer spoken, and so pronunciation rules vary by region, but sung Latin is usually ____________ so most Italian rules usually apply.
  15. 33. Omitting the final vowel of a word when the next word begins with a vowel; this is indicated with an apostrophe, as in “m’ami.”
  16. 34. In Italian, Latin and Spanish, the letter R will be _________ between two vowels or in a final R before a word that begins with a vowel.
  17. 36. Italian, Latin, and Spanish vowels are always ________ vowels. The articulators do not move when producing them.
  18. 41. The Italian word _________ [ˈtʃɛ lo] is an example of the rules that a C + E or I is pronounced [tʃ], and the I after C is essentially silent. The same rules apply to G + E/I which becomes [dʒ]. This rule also applies in Latin.