Across
- 1. Operatic aria form with two contrasting sections, at the end of which the singer repeats the A section with improvised ornamentation, creating an ABA form. By the late 17th c. it had become the dominant form in opera.
- 3. The support or influence of a patron; in the arts, it refers to the people or institutions that financially support artistic activity
- 8. The _________ sonata features two treble instruments plus basso continuo.
- 9. Opera ________: 18th century genre of Italian opera on a serious subject
- 10. An instrumental section of a concerto or da capo aria that returns in various guises throughout the piece, alternating with sections for the soloist(s)
- 11. A work for organ in an improvisatory style. It would be played as an introduction to another piece, a chorale, or a prayer.
- 16. French organist, theorist, and composer whose Treatise on Harmony is the most influential music theory work ever written; as a composer he is primarily known for his operas
- 17. Semidramatic piece for singers and small orchestra on a secular subject
- 18. A male singer who was castrated before puberty to preserve his high vocal range, prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries, especially in opera
- 21. Pietro _________: Italian poet and librettist whose librettos established opera seria as the main genre of opera in the 18th century
- 22. Association of amateur musicians who would sponsor and perform in private and public concerts
- 25. _______ music: An instrumental piece that is accompanied by a poem or narrative that explains what is going on in the music
- 26. Organist who worked primarily at Marienkirche in Lübeck, and was one of the most important composers of organ music before Bach
- 30. Also known as church sonata, an instrumental work consisting of several abstract movements for performance either as entertainment or during Mass
- 33. The system of rules that govern the interaction of melodic lines in polyphonic music
- 37. Virtuoso violinist and composer, famous for codifying concerto ritornello form; the concertos know as “The Four Seasons” are his best-known works
Down
- 2. ________ piece: A short work for keyboard with an evocative title that is depicted in the music
- 4. Italian violinist and composer who established standards in concerto form, violin techniques and orchestra direction
- 5. The varying complex of lands in western and central Europe ruled over first by Frankish and then German kings for 10 centuries (800–1806), consisting of almost three hundred essentially independent political units
- 6. Term coined by Rameau to indicate the progression of the roots or fundamental tones in a series of chords
- 7. System of notation and performance practice, used in the Baroque period, in which and instrumental bass line is written out and one or more players fill in the chords
- 11. The musical texture resulting of the simultaneous combination of two or more melodic lines
- 12. Also known as chamber sonata, an instrumental work consisting of a series of stylized dances
- 13. Italian composer, active in Naples, famous particularly for his operas and cantatas
- 14. Chorale ________: A work for keyboard consisting of variations based on a chorale tune
- 15. French keyboard player and composer who was the most important musical figure in France between Lully and Rameau
- 19. The way that music is disseminated from person to person
- 20. A composition, or section of a work, for three or more voices, based on imitative counterpoint
- 23. Small group of soloists in a concerto grosso
- 24. A stage work with continuous music, sung throughout
- 27. A multi-movement work for large orchestra in which a small ensemble alternates with a large ensemble
- 28. A virtuosic work for keyboard in which freestyle short sections alternate with longer ones in imitative counterpoint
- 29. The main group of pipes, sitting high above the player, in a Dutch/German organ
- 31. In German-speaking areas of the Holy Roman Empire, musicians who had an exclusive right to provide music for the city, performing at public ceremonies, parades and other festivities
- 32. A multi-movement work for large orchestra organized around the contrast between individual and collective voices
- 34. The full orchestra in a concerto grosso
- 35. Born Carlo Broschi, he was a virtuoso singer and the most famous of the castrati
- 36. Vocal chamber music work, usually for solo voice