Across
- 5. The varying complex of lands in western and central Europe ruled over first by Frankish and then German kings for 10 centuries (800–1806), consisting of almost three hundred essentially independent political units
- 8. Born Carlo Broschi, he was a virtuoso singer and the most famous of the castrati
- 11. Vocal chamber music work, usually for solo voice
- 14. a system of tuning in which the octave is divided into 12 equal semitones
- 15. The way that music is disseminated from person to person
- 16. A multi-movement work for large orchestra in which a small ensemble alternates with a large ensemble
- 17. ________ piece: A short work for keyboard with an evocative title that is depicted in the music
- 19. An instrumental section of a concerto or da capo aria that returns in various guises throughout the piece, alternating with sections for the soloist(s)
- 24. Antonio ________: Virtuoso violinist and composer, famous for codifying concerto ritornello form; the concertos known as “The Four Seasons” are his best-known works
- 26. The full orchestra in a concerto grosso
- 28. Small group of soloists in a concerto grosso
- 30. 18th century genre of Italian opera on a serious subject
- 31. The main group of pipes, sitting high above the player, in a Dutch/German organ
- 32. Dieterich _________: Organist who worked primarily at Marienkirche in Lübeck, and was one of the most important composers of organ music before Bach
- 34. In German-speaking areas of the Holy Roman Empire, musicians who had an exclusive right to provide music for the city, performing at public ceremonies, parades and other festivities
- 36. Also known as chamber sonata, an instrumental work consisting of a series of stylized dances
- 38. Jean Phillippe __________: French organist, theorist, and composer whose Treatise on Harmony is the most influential music theory work ever written; as a composer he is primarily known for his operas
- 39. The _________ sonata features two treble instruments plus basso continuo.
- 40. German organist, keyboard player, violinist and prolific composer, who may be considered the most important composer in the Western art tradition
- 41. Semidramatic piece for singers and small orchestra on a secular subject
Down
- 1. Term coined by Rameau to indicate the progression of the roots or fundamental tones in a series of chords
- 2. Arcangelo __________: Italian violinist and composer who established standards in concerto form, violin techniques and orchestra direction and who was the first composer to derive fame exclusively from instrumental composition
- 3. Association of amateur musicians who would sponsor and perform in private and public concerts
- 4. François________: keyboard player and composer who was the leading French composer of his day
- 6. A work for organ in an improvisatory style. It would be played as an introduction to another piece, a chorale, or a prayer.
- 7. The system of rules that govern the interaction of melodic lines in polyphonic music
- 9. Alessandro _________: Italian composer, active in Naples, famous particularly for his operas and cantatas
- 10. The support or influence of a patron; in the arts, it refers to the people or institutions that financially support artistic activity
- 12. System of notation and performance practice, used in the Baroque period, in which an instrumental bass line is written out and one or more players fill in the chords
- 13. A virtuosic work for keyboard in which freestyle short sections alternate with longer ones in imitative counterpoint
- 18. The musical texture resulting of the simultaneous combination of two or more melodic lines
- 20. A stage work with continuous music, sung throughout
- 21. Also known as church sonata, an instrumental work consisting of several abstract movements for performance either as entertainment or during Mass
- 22. A male singer who was castrated before puberty to preserve his high vocal range, prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries, especially in opera
- 23. A multi-movement work for large orchestra organized around the contrast between individual and collective voices
- 25. Operatic aria form with two contrasting sections, at the end of which the singer repeats the A section with improvised ornamentation, creating an ABA form. By the late 17th c. it had become the dominant form in opera.
- 27. Pietro _________: Italian poet and librettist whose librettos established opera seria as the main genre of opera in the 18th century
- 29. Chorale ________: A work for keyboard consisting of variations based on a chorale tune
- 33. _______ music: An instrumental piece that is accompanied by a poem or narrative that explains what is going on in the music
- 35. A composition, or section of a work, for three or more voices, based on imitative counterpoint
- 37. Georg Philipp _________: Considered in his lifetime as the leading German 18th c. composer, he was a link between the late Baroque and early Classical styles