Across
- 7. An meeting of literary, artistic, intellectual and/or musical figures, held at the home of a wealthy patron; the lied and character piece in particular were performed most often in salons
- 8. Lorenzo ___ ________: Italian librettist, whose collaborations in opera buffa with Mozart among others made him the most significant librettist of his generation
- 10. Pianist, organist, conductor and composer whose music combines Romantic expression with Classical forms, techniques; he was the leading German composer of the 1830s and 40s
- 13. ___________ piece: A short piece, typically for piano, that depicts or suggests a mood, scene, or character
- 15. Song form in which each verse of text is set to different music
- 17. “Storm and Stress”: 18th-c. movement in German literature that aimed to frighten, to stun, to overcome with emotion; works by Haydn and Mozart have the emotional, agitated character associated with this movement
- 18. A theory that emphasizes the importance of history; in music; its emergence coincides with the creation of the Classical Canon in the mid-19th century
- 22. Fryderyk ___________: French-Polish composer and virtuoso pianist whose works represent the quintessential Romantic piano tradition and who reflected Polish nationalism in some of his works
- 23. 19th-century artistic and intellectual movement which focused on the ideas of individualism, self-expression, the emotional, irrational, and fantastic, the hero, and nature. As a musical period it starts in the 1820s as a distinction from the Classical canon
- 25. ____________ music: instrumental music that recounts a narrative
- 28. Hector ____________: French composer, music critic, and conductor who reconceptualized the symphony as program music and was a leader of the Romantic radical wing
- 29. When referring to a musical work, writing that is natural for a particular instrument and taking advantage of that instrument’s technical possibilities; for example, Chopin’s writing for the piano
- 30. Ludwig van _____________: Virtuoso pianist, violinist and composer who represents the transition from Classical to Romantic style and is one of the most influential and admired composers of all time
- 33. A group of songs designed as a unit, which may have a unifying theme or narrative; Schubert’s Winterreise and Schumann’s Dichterliebe are examples
- 35. Robert __________: German pianist, composer, and critic who composed in all the musical genres of his day and was an influential critic as well as a leading Romantic composer
- 36. Classical ___________: a repertoire of musical “classics”—composers of the past, especially Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven—that emerged in the mid-19th century, deeply impacting the amount of music by living composers that was performed
- 37. Text _________: The use of musical gestures to reflect the meaning of a word or phrase
- 38. German art song for voice and piano, in which composers sought a perfect union of poetry and music
Down
- 1. __________ Schumann: German pianist, composer, and teacher, who championed her husband’s works as well as those of Brahms and others; she was one of the foremost pianists of the 19th century
- 2. ____________ Testament: letter and will written by Beethoven in 1802 to explain to his brothers his despair resulting from his increasing deafness but also ultimately his resolution to continue living and working in his music
- 3. Franz ___________: Hungarian virtuoso pianist, composer, and conductor, whose innovations in form, harmony, technique, and concert presentation made him a leader of the Romantic movement and the greatest piano virtuoso of his time
- 4. Song form in which multiple verses of text are set to the same music
- 5. __________ Hensel: German composer, pianist, and salon hostess; one of the most prolific female composers of the 19th century and a champion of Bach, Beethoven, and her brother
- 6. A short, secular work for choir or small vocal ensemble, usually for amateurs’ domestic music-making; it is the equivalent of a choral Lied
- 9. The art of combining the sounds of specific instruments in orchestral music
- 11. A short, lyrical, expressive character piece for piano; Chopin wrote many of these, a few of which have virtuosic elements
- 12. Term coined by Berlioz for the theme, representing the hero’s beloved, that recurs throughout the Symphonie Fantastique
- 14. A school designed for special instruction in music, in particular in the 19th c. for the training of professional musicians
- 15. An arrangement of a piece of music for different instrument(s); Liszt wrote many of these for piano of songs, symphonies, operas, and other works, bringing them to audiences who didn’t know the originals
- 16. Franz ___________: Austrian singer and composer who was the first great master of the Romantic Lied
- 19. Wolfgang Amadé ___________: Child prodigy, keyboard virtuoso and composer, who is considered one of the greatest composers in the Western art tradition
- 20. ___________ strophic: Song form in which multiple verses of text are set to music that is mostly the same, with minor variations
- 21. A Polish folk dance; Chopin wrote several stylized versions for the piano
- 24. ____________ music: In the theatre, music performed as part of the performance of a spoken drama
- 26. Choral ____________: choral ensemble formed and supported by members, usually amateurs
- 27. Choral music sung without instrumental accompaniment. Originally used to refer to 16th-century polyphony, during the 19th c. new works were written in that style
- 31. E.T.A. ___________ : German writer, composer, and critic whose view of Beethoven as “a purely Romantic composer” influenced later reception of Beethoven’s music and legacy
- 32. ___________ music: instrumental music as an idealized play of sound and form, with no extra-musical connotations
- 34. A short pedagogical work for piano or other instrument, which develops a specific technical skill