Across
- 3. Realistic style that Soviet artists were compelled to use, which celebrated socialism and revolutionary heroes in a simple, accessible language with an emphasis on folk-like melodies
- 5. Anton __________: Austrian pianist, composer and conductor, student of Schoenberg’s, who applied serialism more strictly
- 8. Francis __________: French pianist and composer who used a simple, direct style influenced by popular songs, cabarets and musical theater; he was the most distinguished mélodie composer after Fauré
- 9. Neue Sachlichkeit, a term that describes the aesthetic of many composers in Weimar Germany, which held that music should communicate clearly, opposed complexity, and used familiar elements drawn from popular music, jazz, and Classical and Baroque periods
- 10. Silvestre __________: Violinist, composer and conductor who blended Mexican folk and popular music with dissonant modernism and colorful orchestration; considered one of the most important composers of Mexico and Latin America
- 11. intervals smaller than a half step; they are used in many non-Western folk musics as well as in experimental art music
- 13. Ruth __________: Pianist, composer, and folk song editor who was the first woman to win a Guggenheim Fellowship in composition
- 14. Kurt __________: German-born composer, exponent of New Objectivity, heavily influenced by jazz; he was a key figure in the development of modern musical theater, first in Wiemar Germany, later on Broadway
- 15. Serge __________: Russian impresario, founder of the Ballets Russes, who commissioned many of the most significant modernist works of the early 20th c, notably Stravinsky’s ballets
- 17. Paul __________: Violist, conductor, composer, teacher, theorist who pioneered the writing of Gebrauchsmusik; he was the foremost German composer of his generation
- 18. The flexible approach to rhythm that is one of the main features of jazz; also a 1930s style of jazz performed by big bands
- 19. George __________: American pianist, songwriter, composer and conductor who successfully combined blues and jazz into his popular and classical works
- 20. Group of young modernist French composers who in the 1920s and 30s were strongly influenced by Satie and neoclassicism
- 22. Dmitri __________: Soviet pianist and composer, regarded as the greatest symphonist of the 20th c.; critics see possible resistance vs oppression in his works, such as the 5th Symphony
- 26. Irving __________: Pianist, singer and composer whose work on Tin Pan Alley, Broadway, and Hollywood made him the most productive and successful Tin Pan Alley composer
- 27. Vocal African American folk music that can be said to be the foundation of much of American popular music
- 28. Alban __________: Austrian composer, student of Schoenberg’s, who used atonality for dramatic impact, especially in his operas like Wozzeck
- 29. A method of composition in which a fixed series of elements governs the entire composition. Most commonly, the series is the 12-pitch row, but around WWII composers sometimes extended serialism to elements other than pitch
- 31. Duke __________: Pianist, bandleader, arranger, and composer, who is known as the most significant composer of big band music and one of the most influential American composers
- 33. the glorification of indigenous traditions and heritage; it constitutes a primary element of Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism
- 34. A large jazz ensemble, typically consisting of 12-18 members who perform from written arrangements but may also be given the opportunity to do short improvised solos
- 36. A widely used harmonic pattern consisting of 4 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the subdominant, 2 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the dominant and 2 measures on the tonic, used as a basis for improvisation
- 38. Music for everyday use, or “Utility music”
- 42. French organist, composer and teacher who, beginning in the 1920s, was responsible for training several generations of American composers.
- 44. Sergey __________: Soviet pianist and composer who returned to the USSR after 20 years of successful career in the West; he’s primarily known for his piano works, ballets, and film scores
- 45. Germaine __________: Only female member of Les Six, she was a virtuosa pianist and composer strongly drawn to neoclassicism, as seen in her Piano Concerto
Down
- 1. Joe __________: New Orleans cornetist and bandleader, famous for mentoring several prominent jazz musicians, most notably Louis Armstrong
- 2. Edgar __________: French-born composer who conceived of music as organized sound, championed contemporary music, and pioneered several electronic techniques such as working with magnetic tape
- 4. __________: Blues and jazz singer who was the most successful black performing artist of her time, known as the “Empress of the Blues”
- 6. Group founded in 1921 by Edgard Varése, which promoted and performed contemporary works
- 7. ________ School: term used to describe the composers like Schoenberg and his students who embraced atonality and serialism in the early 20th c.
- 12. Darius __________: Prolific French composer and conductor, strongly influenced by jazz and Brazilian music, who pioneered the use of percussion, polytonality, and aleatory techniques
- 13. Henry __________: Composer, writer, publisher, teacher who pioneered tone clusters and new playing techniques; as an advocate for contemporary music he championed Ives and was founder and editor of New Music Quarterly
- 16. Dissonant chords made of seconds, pioneered by Henry Cowell
- 21. William Grant __________: Composer who sought to express the African American experience in his works, such as his Afro-American Symphony
- 23. Popular music publishing business in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; it had many connections to Broadway and Hollywood and was influenced by jazz
- 24. An early 20th century style of jazz, named after the city where it emerged from a combination of ragtime, brass bands, spirituals, the blues, and Caribbean and Mexican elements
- 25. Igor __________: Russian pianist, conductor and composer, famous primarily for his modernist ballets based on Russian elements; he was one of the most influential composers of the 20th c.
- 30. Heitor __________: Cellist, guitarist and composer who fused Brazilian vernacular musics with modernist and neoclassical elements, considered one of the most important composers of Latin America
- 32. Innovative ballet company founded in Paris in 1909 by Russian impresario Serge Diaghilev, which premiered many of the most significant ballets of the early 20th c., notably Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring
- 35. Charles __________: American organist and composer whose experimental works combine elements of Romanticism and modernism and was unknown for most of his composing career; musical quotations are an inherent part of his compositions.
- 37. Carl _________: German composer and educator, famous especially for his dramatic works and for developing a system of music education that is still widely used
- 39. Carlos __________: Pianist, conductor, composer, administrator and teacher who dominated 20th c. Mexican art music; his works blend indigenous themes, modernist elements, and classical forms
- 40. Bela __________: Pianist, teacher, ethnomusicologist, and composer who synthesized elements of Eastern European folk and Western classical musics; along with Liszt he is considered one of Hungary’s greatest composers
- 41. Aaron __________: 20th century composer who achieved a distinctively American style by incorporating elements of jazz and other vernacular musics, such as in Appalachian Spring
- 43. Louis __________: New Orleans cornetist, singer, and bandleader who revolutionized jazz improvisation and who was equally influential as an instrumentalist and as a singer