Across
- 4. A large jazz ensemble, typically consisting of 12-18 members who perform from written arrangements but may also be given the opportunity to do short improvised solos
- 8. A widely used harmonic pattern consisting of 4 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the subdominant, 2 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the dominant and 2 measures on the tonic, used as a basis for improvisation
- 13. Realistic style that Soviet artists were compelled to use, which celebrated socialism and revolutionary heroes in a simple, accessible language with an emphasis on folk-like melodies
- 14. Music for everyday use, or “Utility music”
- 16. Vocal African American folk music that can be said to be the foundation of much of American popular music
- 19. Blues and jazz singer who was the most successful black performing artist of her time, known as the “Empress of the Blues”
- 20. Igor __________: Russian pianist, conductor and composer, famous primarily for his modernist ballets based on Russian elements; he was one of the most influential composers of the 20th c.
- 24. Group founded in 1921 by Edgard Varése, which promoted and performed contemporary works
- 27. Sergey __________: Soviet pianist and composer who returned to the USSR after 20 years of successful career in the West; he’s primarily known for his piano works, ballets, and film scores
- 28. Dissonant chords made of seconds, pioneered by Henry Cowell
- 29. Dmitri __________: Soviet pianist and composer, regarded as the greatest symphonist of the 20th c.; critics see possible resistance vs oppression in his works, such as the 5th Symphony
- 30. Austrian composer, student of Schoenberg’s, who used atonality for dramatic impact, especially in his operas like Wozzeck
- 33. Neue Sachlichkeit, a term that describes the aesthetic of many composers in Weimar Germany, which held that music should communicate clearly, opposed complexity and used familiar elements drawn from popular music, jazz, and Classical and Baroque periods
- 34. Darius __________: Prolific French composer and conductor, strongly influenced by jazz and Brazilian music, who pioneered the use of percussion, polytonality, and aleatory techniques
- 35. New Orleans cornetist, singer, and bandleader who revolutionized jazz improvisation and who was equally influential as an instrumentalist and as a singer
- 36. Heitor __________: Cellist, guitarist and composer who fused Brazilian vernacular musics with modernist and neoclassical elements, considered one of the most important composers of Latin America
- 37. Innovative ballet company founded in Paris in 1909 by Russian impresario Serge Diaghilev, which premiered many of the most significant ballets of the early 20th c., notably Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring
- 39. French-born composer who conceived of music as organized sound, championed contemporary music, and pioneered several electronic techniques such as working with magnetic tape
- 42. American pianist, songwriter, composer and conductor who successfully combined blues and jazz into his popular and classical works
- 43. American organist and composer whose experimental works combine elements of Romanticism and modernism and was unknown for most of his composing career; musical quotations are an inherent part of his compositions.
- 44. Composer, writer, publisher, teacher who pioneered tone clusters and new playing techniques; as an advocate for contemporary music he championed Ives and was founder and editor of New Music Quarterly
- 45. Pianist, teacher, ethnomusicologist, and composer who synthesized elements of Eastern European folk and Western classical musics; along with Liszt he is considered one of Hungary’s greatest composers
Down
- 1. Ruth __________: Pianist, composer, and folk song editor who was the first woman to win a Guggenheim Fellowship in composition
- 2. Popular music publishing business in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; it had many connections to Broadway and Hollywood and was influenced by jazz
- 3. Pianist, conductor, composer, administrator and teacher who dominated 20th c. Mexican art music; his works blend indigenous themes, modernist elements, and classical forms
- 5. Serge __________: Russian impresario, founder of the Ballets Russes, who commissioned many of the most significant modernist works of the early 20th c, notably Stravinsky’s ballets
- 6. Composer who sought to express the African American experience in his works, such as his Afro-American Symphony
- 7. 20th century composer who achieved a distinctively American style by incorporating elements of jazz and other vernacular musics, such as in Appalachian Spring
- 9. the glorification of indigenous traditions and heritage; it constitutes a primary element of Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism
- 10. An early 20th century style of jazz, named after the city where it emerged from a combination of ragtime, brass bands, spirituals, the blues, and Caribbean and Mexican elements
- 11. French organist, composer and teacher who, beginning in the 1920s, was responsible for training several generations of American composers.
- 12. Violinist, composer and conductor who blended Mexican folk and popular music with dissonant modernism and colorful orchestration; considered one of the most important composers of Mexico and Latin America
- 15. The flexible approach to rhythm that is one of the main features of jazz; also a 1930s style of jazz performed by big bands
- 17. New Orleans cornetist and bandleader, famous for mentoring several prominent jazz musicians, most notably Louis Armstrong
- 18. German-born composer, exponent of New Objectivity, heavily influenced by jazz; he was a key figure in the development of modern musical theater, first in Wiemar Germany, later on Broadway
- 21. Austrian pianist, composer and conductor, student of Schoenberg’s, who applied serialism more strictly
- 22. A method of composition in which a fixed series of elements governs the entire composition. Most commonly, the series is the 12-pitch row, but around WWII composers sometimes extended serialism to elements other than pitch
- 23. Pianist, bandleader, arranger, and composer, who is known as the most significant composer of big band music and one of the most influential American composers
- 25. Group of young modernist French composers who in the 1920s and 30s were strongly influenced by Satie and neoclassicism
- 26. ________ School: term used to describe the composers like Schoenberg and his students who embraced atonality and serialism in the early 20th c.
- 31. Paul __________: Violist, conductor, composer, teacher, theorist who pioneered the writing of Gebrauchsmusik; he was the foremost German composer of his generation
- 32. German composer and educator, famous especially for his dramatic works and for developing a system of music education that is still widely used
- 38. intervals smaller than a half step; they are used in many non-Western folk musics as well as in experimental art music
- 40. Germaine __________: Only female member of Les Six, she was a virtuosa pianist and composer strongly drawn to neoclassicism, as seen in her Piano Concerto
- 41. Francis __________: French pianist and composer who used a simple, direct style influenced by popular songs, cabarets and musical theater; he was the most distinguished mélodie composer after Fauré