Across
- 1. Argentinian singer and actor who became the leading singer of the Guardia Nueva and popularized the tango canción all over the world
- 2. Música _______ Term that describes the various Afro-Caribbean styles, from Colombia as well as foreign origin, played by Colombian big bands in the 1930s and 40s; now describes all genres of Afro-Caribbean origin
- 5. Argentinian composer who integrated Argentine popular music with classical forms and jazz, becoming a leader of the Nuevo Tango
- 6. Musica Popular Brasileira, a late 1960s Brazilian movement during which intellectuals, artists, and musicians dealt with social and political issues
- 9. Brazilian urban dance that emerged as a Brazilianized, syncopated manner of dancing European dances like the polka; it is a precursor of samba and tango
- 13. Brazilian dictator who dominated Brazilian politics in the mid-20th c
- 15. Argentinian song genre, in which a solo singer accompanied with guitar sings melancholic lyrics in the form of a decima. Important as a predecessor of tango
- 18. Brazilian popular music, influenced by jazz, that developed in the 1960s as a new way of performing samba-canção, popular among the white, urban middle and upper classes
- 21. Period of time in the late 1970s during Argentina’s military dictatorship during which tens of thousands of people were imprisoned, tortured, killed or disappeared
- 22. Song and dance, associated particularly with carnival celebrations in Rio de Janeiro; considered Brazil’s national dance
- 24. Brazilian urban ensemble that emerged in Rio de Janeiro in the 1870s, featuring flute, clarinet, ophicleide, trombone, cavaquinho, guitar, percussion. They played European dances, modinhas and maxixes.
- 27. Colombian songwriter, considered the most important composer of vallenato
- 28. Portuguese word for Mestizos
- 29. La Guardia _____, first stage of tango history, during which the tango was instrumental only
- 31. Argentinian dance and song genre and national symbol
- 32. Brazilian singer-songwriter whose 1968 album Tropicalia pioneered a link between cosmopolitanism and traditionalism
- 33. Colombian bandleader who led one of the most innovative and successful orchestras of música tropical in the 1940s
- 34. Percussion ensemble that accompanies samba; during carnival it can reach 300-500 participants
Down
- 1. Brazilian itinerant peasant singers, accompanied by the viola caipira, who are symbols of Brazilian rural identity
- 3. Folk figure of the arrabales, who blended gaucho and immigrant characteristics, central in the early development of tango
- 4. Música _______ Brazilian rural music featuring guitars, accordion, and two singers in parallel thirds
- 7. La Guardia ______, second stage of tango history, during which the tango canción developed and tango was embraced by all social classes
- 8. Conjunto de ________ Ensemble of traditional cumbia, including including gaita hembra, gaita macho, maracas, tambor llamador, tambor alegre, and tambora
- 10. _______ de samba: neighborhood associations where participants learn to sing and dance samba and prepare for the carnival parade
- 11. Gaucho improvised dance contest; its distinctive rhythms have been used in Argentinian music across many genres
- 12. Most popular Colombian musical genre, featuring African-based rhythms
- 14. Colombian working-class genre featuring button accordion, caja and guacharaca
- 16. Influential singer, songwriter and folk music collector who revived and promoted Argentine folk music, and influenced the nueva canción movement
- 17. Also known as canción colombiana, this Mestizo genre is considered the national dance of Colombia
- 19. Charismatic Argentinian dictator who ruled in the mid-20th c. by garnering the support of the unions, the working class and the military; his wife Eva was a powerful political figure in her own right
- 20. Brazilian singer and guitarist who was one of the most influential bossa nova figures for songs such as “Desafinado”
- 23. Colombian singer and actor whose fusion of vallenato with rock, pop legitimized vallenato among middle-class Colombian audiences and popularized it internationally
- 25. Folk figure of the Pampas and a symbol of Argentinian identity
- 26. Brazilian singer and composer who contributed to the establishment of the urban samba, composing such classics as “Aquarela do Brasil”
- 30. Afro-Brazilian religion in which drums called atabaques are used to communicate with ancestor spirits called orixas