Muscular Actions

3. Raises arm forwards, backwards and sideways at the shoulder (flexion, extension, abduction)
4. Moves the arm in at the shoulder (adduction)
6. Helps with dorsiflexion, the action of pulling the toes toward the shin
7. Moves the head back and sideways
9. Flexes the spine so that you can bend forwards.
11. Straightens your arm at the elbow (extension)
12. Moving the leg forwards / raising the knee (flexion at the hip joint)
13. Pulls the leg back at the hip (extension) and raises the leg to the side (abduction)

1. Straightens the ankle joint (plantarflexion), so that you can stand on your toes
2. Pulls the arm down at the shoulder and draws it behind your back (extension)
5. Straightens the leg at the knee (extension)
8. Bends the leg at the knee (flexion)
10. Bends the arm at the elbow (flexion)