Across
- 3. this type of smooth muscle is composed of sheets of spindle-shaped cells in close contact with one another
- 8. a set of membranous channels that extend inward as invaginations from the fiber’s membrane and passes all the way through the fiber
- 11. membranous network of channels and tubules of a muscle fiber that stores releases and absorbs calcium
- 12. a condition when a muscle exercised strenuously for a prolonged period loses its ability to contract
- 13. together a motor neuron and muscle fibers that control it make a ___________
- 15. time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber
- 16. this muscle elevates and protracts the mandible
- 19. rhythmic waves of muscular contraction in the walls of certain tubular organs
- 25. this type of muscle contains actin and myosin but are more randomly organized which results in less striations
- 28. enzyme that releases energy stored in the terminal phosphate bonds of ATP molecules
- 30. the pigment responsible for the red color of blood
- 31. a specialized synapse where a motor nerve fiber communicates with a muscle fiber. It is the site where the nerve impulse is transmitted to the muscle triggering muscle contraction.
- 35. phosphate this contains high-energy phosphate bonds which store excess energy and makes cell regeneration of ATP possible
- 36. this causes an action
- 38. increases forces of contraction by a skeletal muscle fiber when a twitch occurs before the previous twitch relaxes
- 39. the moveable attachment end
- 40. functional junctions between bones
- 41. a painful condition in which a muscle undergoes a sustained involuntary contraction.
- 44. this occurs when a muscle appears at rest but is contracting
- 46. each muscle fiber within a fascicle lies within a layer of connective tissue in the form of a thin covering called _______________.
- 48. this type of smooth muscle is found in the irises of the eyes and walls of blood vessels.
- 52. a small gap that separates the membrane of the neuron and the membrane of the muscle fiber
- 54. acetylcholine is rapidly decomposed by
- 55. the frontalis and occipitalis make up the __________.
- 56. ends of cardiac muscle cells are connected by _______________ ______ which allow muscle impulses to pass freely so that they travel rapidly and trigger contraction.
- 57. the organization of myosin and actin produces the characteristics of alternating light and dark bands called
Down
- 1. visceral smooth muscle is found in walls of ________ __________.
- 2. a pattern of repeated contractions due to self-exciting fibers that deliver spontaneous impulses periodically into surrounding muscle tissue
- 4. type of joint that is made up of hyaline or fibrocartilage
- 5. fluid filled sacs in joints
- 6. type of joint that lies between bones that closely contact one another
- 7. this muscle compresses the cheek
- 9. neurons communicate with cells that they control by releasing chemicals called
- 10. the synapse between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber it controls
- 14. this muscle extends the forearm at the elbow
- 17. neurotransmitter in skeletal muscle contraction
- 18. explanation for how muscles contract. It describes the process where thin actin filaments slide past thick myosin filaments within a muscle fiber causing the muscle to shorten and generate force
- 20. type of joint where the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another
- 21. the organization of a skeletal muscle goes muscle —- ________ —- muscle fibers —- myofibrils —- thick and thin filaments
- 22. contractile fiber in muscle cells
- 23. an increase in the number of motor units being activated during a contraction is called _____________.
- 24. when the frequency of a contraction is so rapid that the contraction lacks even partial relaxation
- 26. protein that with actin forms the filaments that interact to contract muscle fibers
- 27. neurons that control effectors
- 29. this is synthesized in muscle cells and imparts the red/brown color of skeletal muscle tissue.
- 32. the layers of dense connective tissue that separate individual skeletal muscle from adjacent muscles and hold it in position
- 33. this action decreases the angle between bones at a joint
- 34. this action increases the angle between bones at a joint
- 36. this works against the action
- 37. flattened and shock-absorbing pads of fibrocartilage in joints are called
- 42. most common joint in the skeletal system and they allow for free movement
- 43. this contributes to an action by helping the agonist
- 45. the __________ provides energy to release acetylcholine during neuromuscular junction
- 47. this muscle flexes the forearm at the elbow and supinates the forearm and the hand
- 49. the immoveable attachment point
- 50. amount of oxygen required following physical exercise to react accumulated lactic acid to form glucose
- 51. shortening of a ________ is what causes muscle contraction. This is also a functional until of skeletal muscle
- 53. this type of muscle is self-exciting and rhythmic. It is also only found in the heart.