muscular system

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Across
  1. 7. enlarged axon ending used to make contact with other neurons
  2. 8. the movement of climb toward the body midline
  3. 15. the specific neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle
  4. 16. fascicles are arranged in concentric rings typically found surrounding external body openings
  5. 17. contractile organelles found in cytoplasm of muscle cells
  6. 22. one of the proteins found in muscle (thin filament)
  7. 25. fascicles converge toward a single insertion tendon
  8. 27. depressing the foot so that the toes go down
  9. 28. most common; in the contraction the myofliaments are successful in sliding movements, the muscle shortens, and movement occurs.
  10. 29. muscle is stimulated so rapidly that no evidence of relaxation is seen and the contractions are completely smooth and sustained
  11. 33. fibrous or membranous sheet covering a muscle and the part it moves
  12. 34. flabby; relaxed
  13. 35. does not require oxygen to break down glucose
  14. 37. band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.
  15. 38. Step A: Myosin head attaches to actin. (High energy ADP + P configuration)Step B: Power stroke: myosin head pivots pulling the actin filament toward the center.Step C: The cross bridge detaches when a new ATP binds with the myosin.Step D: Cocking of the myosin head occurs when ATP à ADP + P. Another cross bridge can form.
  16. 39. movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
  17. 40. combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction commonly in ball and socket joint
  18. 41. bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium
  19. 42. a response that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus
  20. 44. the region where a motor neuron system that preforms functions
  21. 45. one of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle (thick filament)
  22. 47. when the muscle hasn't yet reached the point where no relaxation is present in between contractions; only partial relaxation
  23. 51. moving a limb away from the midline, or median plane, of the body
  24. 52. activities that increase heart rate and breathing (cardio exercise)
  25. 54. specialized synergist that hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover so all the tension can be used to move the insertion bone
  26. 56. The use of creating phosphate with ADP to create creatine and ATP.
  27. 57. when a muscle is unable to contract even though it is still being stimulated
  28. 58. lighter area of the A band where only myosin is present
  29. 60. contractions in which muscles do not shorten; the tension in the muscle increases and they try to slide side to side but he muscle is pitted against some more or less immovable object
  30. 61. attached to the immovable or less moveable bone
  31. 62. turn the sole laterally
  32. 63. muscles that oppose or reverse a movement
  33. 65. connective tissue that wraps the bundles of muscle fibers.
  34. 67. A cylindrical multinucleate cell composed of myofibrils (which cause striations) that contract when stimulated.
  35. 68. during prolonged muscle activity this occurs when a person is not able to take in oxygen fast enough to keep the muscles supplied with the oxygen needed to work
  36. 70. the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly and the radius and ulna are parallel
  37. 71. turn the sole medially
  38. 72. lighter areas of the sarcomere where the thin actin filaments are
Down
  1. 1. connective tissue that wraps the whole muscle
  2. 2. short fascicles attach obliquely to a central tendon
  3. 3. results in spindle shaped muscle with an expanded midsection
  4. 4. the forearm rotates medially so that the palm faces posteriorly
  5. 5. muscle specialized involuntary muscles of the heart
  6. 6. chemical inside neuromuscular junction that stimulates skeletal muscle
  7. 9. lifting the foot so that its superior approaches the shin
  8. 10. a reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use
  9. 11. filaments composing the myofibrils of two types: actin and myosin
  10. 12. Darker region of the sarcomere, where the thick protein filament myosin is present
  11. 13. the gap between the nerve endings and muscle cell membranes; the gap is filled with interstitial fluid
  12. 14. muscle muscle consisting of spindle shaped unstriated muscle cells, involuntary muscles
  13. 16. compound of creatine and phosphoric acid that serves as a source of energy for muscle contraction
  14. 18. (with oxygen) glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water the total oxidation allows for the maximum amount of energy to be released.
  15. 19. a movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the two bones closer together
  16. 20. provides attachment for actin filaments
  17. 21. protein involved in muscle contraction; prevents myosin from acting
  18. 23. type of strength training in which the joint angle and muscle length do not change during contraction
  19. 24. in the palm of the hand the saddle joint between metacarpal 1 and the carpals allows opposition of the thumb
  20. 26. specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum; the sacs of the SR surround each myofibril
  21. 30. the smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends from one z disc to the next
  22. 31. a protein of muscle that together that forms a regulatory protein complex controlling the interaction of actin and myosin; when combined with calcium ions permits muscular contraction
  23. 32. movement that increases the angle or distance between two bones
  24. 36. connective tissue that wraps each individual muscle fiber
  25. 43. mover the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement
  26. 45. the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible
  27. 46. the length of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle
  28. 48. stripe-like visual features found in skeletal muscle caused by the orderly arrangement of myofibrils within the muscle cell.
  29. 49. attached to the movable bone and when the muscle contracts the insertion moves toward the origin
  30. 50. help prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducing undesirable movements
  31. 53. site of attachment and detachment that occurs several times when muscle is contracted; generates tension that helps to pull the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
  32. 55. an electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity
  33. 59. when physical activity increases intensely the aerobic pathways cannot keep up with the demands for ATP, so the pyretic acid is converted to lactic acid in a process called anaerobic glycolysis
  34. 64. neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; the conducting portion of a nerve cell
  35. 66. one neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates
  36. 69. provides attachment for actin filaments