Musculoskeletal System

5. Sesamoid bone embedded in the quadriceps tendon that improves leverage of the knee extensor muscle
9. Flexible connective tissue that covers joint surfaces, reducing friction and absorbing shock
13. Cell that synthesizes and mineralizes bone matrix during growth and remodeling
14. Mature bone cell embedded within mineralized matrix that maintains homeostasis
15. Molecule that supplies energy for muscle contraction, with most of it’s hydrolysis heat dissipated as warmth
17. Functional contractile unit of muscle bounded by Z-lines, containing overlapping actin and myosin filaments
18. Distal or proximal end of a long bone, containing the articular cartilage and trabecular bone

1. Shaft of a long bone that houses the medullary cavity and provides structural support
2. Irregular bone forming the spinal column, protecting the spinal cord and supporting body weight
3. Dense fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone, providing joint stability
4. Multinucleated cell that reabsorbs bone tissue, essential for remodeling and calcium balanbce
6. Vascularized connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of bone, except at joint surfaces
7. A soft spot on an infant’s skull where bone plates have not yet fused, allowing brain growth
8. Strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone, transmitting force for movement
10. Thick filament protein with heads that bind to actin and hydrolyse ATP to produce force
11. Thin filament protein that serves as the track for myosin head movement during contraction
12. Longest and strongest bone in the body
16. Structural unit of compact bone consisting of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal