Across
- 3. a poor farmer of low social status who owns a small piece of land for cultivation
- 5. "people of the book"; had to pay taxes but were allowed to retain their own religious and social organization.
- 6. established the Umayyad dynasty
- 7. the title of a Turkish officer of high rank
- 10. a person that takes over a throne, office, inheritance, or position after someone/something else
- 14. a Muslim sovereign; "holder of power"
- 16. private domain of a sultan where he and his wives resided; "sacred place"
- 17. a member of the ruling Muslim population of the Ottoman Empire
- 18. a non-Arab who converts to Islam and affiliates himself with an Arabian tribe
- 19. an increase in prices and fall in the value of money
- 20. capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate
- 22. person who has changed their religious faith or other beliefs
- 23. Turkish foot soldiers who formed the sultan's guard
- 24. a body of Muslim scholars who have specialized knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology
- 26. system of government where important decisions are made by state officials
- 28. a high official in some Muslim countries who advised caliphs
- 29. "king"
Down
- 1. Muslims who only accepted the descendants of Ali as the true rulers of Islam
- 2. central Asian nomadic invaders who threatened Islamic lands in the early 13th century
- 4. an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority
- 5. capital city of the Umayyad Caliphate
- 8. a person involved in applying merchandise to a particular trade
- 9. capital city of the Ottoman Empire
- 11. the office, jurisdiction, or reign of a caliph
- 12. to have control/influence over
- 13. a Muslim ascetic and mystic
- 15. the name of God among Muslims
- 21. person who has no permanent adobe and travels from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock
- 25. Muslims who did not all agree with Umayyad rule but accepted the Umayyads as caliphs
- 27. chief Muslim and religious leader of the tribe