Across
- 1. Many settlers went west during the California ___ ___ of 1849.
- 7. This Shoshone pioneer was later adopted by The National American Woman Suffrage Association as a symbol of women's worth and independence.
- 8. After the French claimed the Mississippi valley, they set up fur trading posts on the frontier.
- 9. American pioneer and frontiersman Daniel ____ was one of America's first folk heroes. He became famous for his exploration and settlement of Kentucky, which was then beyond the western borders of the Thirteen Colonies.
- 11. ____ was the main crop grown in Iowa and is still grown there today.
- 12. Often referred to as the "King of the Wild Frontier," Davy ____ represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives and served in the Texas Revolution.
- 13. Who did the United States buy Louisiana from?
- 14. This Lakota (Teton) chief led forces against the U.S. Army at the Battles of the Rosebud and Little Bighorn. Despite his victories, famine eventually made him and his followers surrender to the United States.
- 17. Modern celebrations of Pioneer Day are especially popular in Utah where it is known colloquially to non-Mormons as "__ __ __ day."
- 18. The _____ ____ 1862 allowed the settlers to seek ownership of the "undeveloped" lands that became part of the United States Territory.
- 19. Immigrants from _____ were the largest group to settle on the Iowa prairies.
- 20. ________ were the dominant tribe along the trail within the area in and around The National Oregon-California Trail Center, from Thomas Fork Crossing to Soda Springs.
- 21. Many early members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints followed their prophet _____ _____ in an exodus across the U.S. throughout the 19th century.
Down
- 2. The _____ _____ in 1803 was one of the first events that encouraged people to move west. In this purchase, the United States acquired the Louisiana Territory and opened 828,000 square miles of land for settlers. It cost the government over $15 million (the equivalent of over $570 billion in today’s market).
- 3. Many formerly enslaved people went west to start a new life after the American ____ ___ ended in 1865.
- 4. The pioneer era is generally considered to have ended with the 1869 arrival of the transcontinental ______.
- 5. After the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830, members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to newly designated Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River, a path known as the ___ __ ____.
- 6. the belief that the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans belonged to European Americans and that they should settle it
- 10. This group of pioneers infamously resorted to survival cannibalism to survive the harsh winters of the Sierra Nevada mountain range after detouring from the Oregon Trail.
- 15. This trail ran from Independence, Missouri, to what is now northern Oregon, near the Columbia River. It was about 2,000 miles (3,200 kilometers) long and was one of two main routes to the Far West.
- 16. A staunch opponent to the encroachment of white settlers and a renowned orator, this Shawnee leader worked to unite Indian tribes in the Great Lakes region and beyond to collectively defend Native lands and cultures.