Bacteriophages (Viruses 1, Dr. Andy Bailey)

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Across
  1. 2. What trigger leads to induction in lysogenic cells (or de-repression of prophage)?
  2. 7. Due to phage conversion, pathogenic Vibrio produce ----- and ---- simultaneously (2 words)
  3. 10. How are prophages propagated in lysogenic bacteria? (2 words)
  4. 11. CTX (cholera toxin) is produced by the ---- virus’ genes
  5. 12. In eukaryotes, when viral genome inserted into introns = cannot be transcribed (3 words)
  6. 15. Viruses which infect bacteria only
  7. 16. The receptors which phage lambda is specific to are ------- -------- receptor proteins (2 words)
  8. 17. During the lysogenic cycle, the prophage is --------- by one of two viral regulatory proteins involved in the initial decision for whether lytic or lysogenic genes would be expressed
  9. 19. Phage lambda is host specific to ---- receptors
  10. 20. Vaccines of killed Vibrio strains expressing ----- genes may be more effective
  11. 22. Switch from lysogeny to lytic cycle
  12. 23. Phage lambda ---------- itself into the viral genome
  13. 25. When prophage expression alters lysogenic phenotype (2 words)
  14. 26. Phage conversion can lead to --------- --------- (2 words)
  15. 27. Period in T4 lytic cycle where lysis does not produce active virions (between adsorption & assembly)
  16. 28. Bacteriophages exhibit --------- morphology (2 words)
Down
  1. 1. Attachment sites on cholera bacteria for CTX viruses and gut epithelia
  2. 3. Cholera bacteria only become pathogenic when they are infected with the CTX-phi virus and become --------
  3. 4. When phage lambda infects a cell, two ---------- proteins are produced & compete for binding to phage DNA sites
  4. 5. when bacteriophage mutations periodically overcome lamB mutations these result in ---- ---- cycles (2 words)
  5. 6. Temperate bacteriophages can enter a ---- state during replication (2 words)
  6. 8. Which cycle begins when genes for replication are expressed in phage lambda?
  7. 9. Beneficial mutations to lamB can stop phage-binding but maintain ------- uptake
  8. 13. Step in the lysogenic cycle when prophage is de-repressed & expresses enzymes for prophage excision
  9. 14. Phage conversion can also result in ---------- to subsequent infections by phages of the same type
  10. 18. Phenomenon where viruses can only attach to certain hosts (2 words)
  11. 21. What is limited by the specificity of receptor proteins? (2 words)
  12. 24. Which cycle begins when genes for viral genome integration are expressed in phage lambda?