New Spain!

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Across
  1. 5. The dominant Indigenous civilization in the Valley of Mexico before the Spanish conquest.
  2. 9. An economic theory that a nation's strength is based on its wealth (gold and silver) and that a colony's purpose is to benefit the "mother country" (Spain).
  3. 11. A Spanish explorer and conqueror, especially during the 16th century, who helped to defeat Native American civilizations.
  4. 12. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time (e.g., smallpox, which devastated Indigenous populations).
  5. 13. A labor system where the Spanish Crown granted colonists the right to demand tribute and forced labor from Indigenous inhabitants of an area.
  6. 14. Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native. (Refers to the original peoples of the Americas).
  7. 15. A religious settlement or outpost established by Catholic priests to convert Indigenous people to Christianity.
  8. 17. A rigid social class structure in New Spain based on a person's birth, race, and origin.
  9. 18. The Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.
Down
  1. 1. The process of a country establishing settlements and imposing its political, economic, and cultural control over another territory.
  2. 2. A fortified military settlement built by the Spanish in their colonies to protect missions and settlements.
  3. 3. A large estate or plantation with a dwelling house, often involving farming or ranching, a key part of the colonial economy.
  4. 4. A person of mixed Spanish and Indigenous American ancestry.
  5. 6. A Spanish Dominican friar and historian who became an early advocate for the rights of Indigenous peoples in the Americas.
  6. 7. The name given by the Spanish to the colony they established in the Americas, which included modern-day Mexico, Central America, and parts of the U.S.
  7. 8. A territory governed by a viceroy, who ruled as the direct representative of the Spanish king.
  8. 10. The ninth ruler of the Aztec Empire at the time of Cortés's arrival.
  9. 16. The largest empire in pre-Columbian America, located in the Andes Mountains of South America.