Across
- 6. Capital of the Byzantine Empire.
- 9. Holy book of Islam.
- 11. Monk who copied books by hand.
- 13. King of Mali known for his wealth.
- 14. Famous church built in Constantinople.
- 18. Land granted to a vassal.
- 21. English king who died in 1066 without an heir.
- 24. Economic system of medieval estates.
- 27. Peasant bound to a manor.
- 29. William’s military action into England in 1066.
- 31. Spirits honored in Shinto beliefs.
- 32. Religious community that preserved knowledge.
- 33. West African center of learning and trade.
- 35. Trade good that made West Africa wealthy.
- 36. Anglo-Saxon noble who became king after Edward.
- 37. Large estate owned by a medieval lord.
- 38. Title held by William before becoming king.
- 40. Desert crossed by the Trans-Saharan trade.
- 41. Essential mineral traded across the Sahara.
Down
- 1. Norman duke who invaded England in 1066.
- 2. Basic duties of Islam.
- 3. Military ruler of Japan.
- 4. Rules for simple living followed by monks.
- 5. Empire formed under Charlemagne.
- 7. Harold reportedly swore loyalty to William in Normandy.
- 8. Armored warrior who fought for a European lord.
- 10. Japanese warriors loyal to their lords.
- 11. Battle where Hardrada was defeated.
- 12. Frankish ruler who expanded Christianity.
- 15. Pope who crowned Charlemagne emperor.
- 16. Economic and political system based on land, loyalty, and protection.
- 17. Organized set of Byzantine laws.
- 19. People who ruled England before the Norman conquest.
- 20. Language that spread with Islam.
- 22. Monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad.
- 23. Viking king of Norway who claimed the English throne.
- 25. Traditional religion of Japan.
- 26. Storytellers who preserved West African history.
- 28. Islamic political and religious leader.
- 30. People from northern France who conquered England.
- 34. Famous battle where William defeated Harold.
- 39. Person who swore loyalty to a lord.