Northern War

2. Battle site where Māori trench warfare and bunkers led to a major British defeat.
6. Ngāpuhi chief who sided with the British, opposing Heke’s confrontational tactics.
7. Governor who replaced FitzRoy, avoided land confiscations and sought peace.
8. Describes the overall outcome of the Northern War; neither side achieved full victory.
10. Town looted and burned during the surprise Māori attack on 11 March 1845.
11. Site of the first major battle; Heke’s incomplete pā resisted British attack.
12. Elder Ngāpuhi chief who joined Heke in resisting British control and fought at multiple battles.

1. British warship stationed at Kororāreka; its soldiers engaged in the fighting.
3. Cut down the British flagpole three times in protest against colonial authority.
4. Final major battle; British captured an empty pā after bombardment.
5. Symbol of British authority; cut down multiple times by Heke.
9. Traditional Māori authority, believed by Heke to be undermined by British actions.