Across
- 1. Hummingbirds may only have one type of muscle fibers in their pectoral muscles. This results in that muscle slowly fatiguing. What type of muscle fiber would this be?
- 3. The pectoralis muscle contracts and provides power on what kind of stroke?
- 6. What do birds do with most water in the excretory system?
- 9. Two kidneys and what makes up the excretory system?
- 11. The mass of the pectoral muscle can tell us alot about a bird. It can indicate to us prior to death how long a bird was in a ___ state. ___ is when the complex molecules break down into simple molecules and energy is being released.
- 15. What kind of sized eyes can be found in the visual system of birds?
- 16. In addition to air flow being oxygenated through the processes of inhaling and exhaling they are also what?
- 18. The crop that is located in the lower esophagus primary role is to do what with food?
- 22. These provided better color discrimination by having the photoreceptors have more light focused on them. These are also found in avian eye cones.
- 24. What are the muscles called that provide power for flight with being the most developed and largest muscles in a bird's body?
- 26. For the primaries the attachment point is called what? The metacarpal bones and carpal bones are fused into this joint.
- 27. The gizzard's main job with food is to do what with injected “grit”?
- 29. For the secondaries the attachment point is called what?
- 30. The two parts in the stomach are the gizzard and what?
Down
- 2. In a vast majority of male birds this can not be found because they have none.
- 4. Birds have both ___ and red muscle fibers that are located in many muscles.
- 5. The three main areas of fusion are synsacrum, facula and what?
- 7. What do birds have the best of among animals? It is one of the five senses.
- 8. The bird's skeletal system is considered what? Also referred to as a class in the UFC.
- 10. What is the singular word for four cone types that are found in birds?
- 12. There are two of these found in many birds. It is a concentration of sensory cellsa and supplies birds with both binocular and monocular fields of vision.
- 13. What membrane protects the eye acting as a third eyelid and keeps it moist?
- 14. This muscle contracts and provides power on the upstroke. Just like the pectoralis muscle this muscle is also connected to the sternum.
- 17. This is considered one of the true innovations of the avian respiratory system. They can be found sometimes in bones but are primarily connected to the lungs where air is forced in and out.
- 19. This is a large bone ridge that runs along the sternum in the middle. For pectoral flight muscles this provides an additional attachment point.
- 20. What muscle is connected to the sternum and is considered the largest muscle in the breast?
- 21. The word that means struts for strength in bones and containing air sacs.
- 23. What noun provides bird bones with additional strength and is one of the main sources for the power of flight. There is also a cafe on campus that has this word in their name.
- 25. Furcula supports flight muscles and is described like a what? This word is also one of the four seasons.
- 28. A singular word for small non-inflatable system of air tubes that are stiff is what?