Nutrition

3. a chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform functions necessary for life.
5. any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms.
8. a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.
10. a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.
12. any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose.

1. a disease causing inflammation of the nerves and heart failure, caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1.
2. a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.
4. a substance obtained from a plant and used as an additive, especially in gin or cosmetics.
6. a deficiency disease caused by a lack of nicotinic acid or its precursor tryptophan in the diet. It is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and mental disturbance, and is often linked to overdependence on corn as a staple food.
7. a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds.
9. a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, characterized by swollen bleeding gums and the opening of previously healed wounds, which particularly affected poorly nourished sailors until the end of the 18th century.
11. a type of unsaturated fat that occurs in small amounts in meat and milk fat.