Nutrition for Sport and Exercise

4. It is the main energy source that cells use for most of their work.
6. Stimulates the breakdown of glycogen when the blood glucose concentration decreases (e.g. during fasting).
9. It is the organ that produces insulin and glucagon and many other digestive enzymes.
10. All the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism, including anabolic and catabolic reactions.
11. Starch and glycogen are examples of those.
13. Second stage of cellular respiration; occurs in matrix of mitochondrion.
14. It is the process that occurs after the ingestion and digestion of food, where nutrients enter the bloodstream, either by diffusion or active transportation.
16. It is the combination of two monosaccharides, through a condensation reaction.
17. It where the mechanical digestion of food begins.
18. After water, they are the most abundant compounds in the body.
21. It is the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food into nutrients.
22. They can be saturated or unsaturated and during the β-oxidation are gradually broken down to acetyl CoA.
25. They can be essential or non-essential and required for the synthesis of proteins.
27. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption also known as Oxygen debt.
29. Proteins, specific in kind and quantity for breaking down nutrients.

1. It is the catabolic process that breaks down glucose to pyruvate.
2. Energy requiring reactions whereby small molecules are built up into larger ones.
3. It is the destructive phase of metabolism, where larger molecules are converted to smaller ones.
5. It is the end product of glycolysis and without O2 it is converted into lactic acid.
7. It is a high energy molecule that is broken down to provide a phosphate molecule to ADP to form ATP.
8. The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking the chemical bonds of organic compounds.
12. Their general chemical composition is (CH2O)n and they are the most important source of food energy.
15. It is the process of breaking down fat stores
19. Micronutrients that are vital for health and well-being and are found in fruits, vegetables and some meat.
20. Micronutrients that are required in the diet for the maintenance of health (e.g. calcium (Ca), sodium (Na) and potassium (K)).
23. It is a muscular organ characterized by folds called rugae and a hollow space classed lumen and it is where the gastric acid is secreted.
24. It is essential to all forms of life and two of the many functions are thermoregulation and transport of nutrients, hormones and respiratory gases.
26. It is an hormone secreted by the pancreas and causes the liver and muscle cells to take in glucose and store it in form of glycogen.
28. It produces and secretes the bile for fat's digestion.