Across
- 3. the process by which nutrient molecules pass from the digestive system into the blood
- 5. finger-shaped structures that line the inner lining of the small intestine, and help absorb nutrient molecules
- 8. micronutrients that play the role of helper molecules in chemical reactions, they can be water-soluble (B's, C), or fat-soluble (A, D, E, K)
- 10. it describes the situation when a nutrient needs to come from the diet, because the body cannot produce it; example: some amino acids need to be consumed from the diet
- 12. guidelines that show the amount of nutrients that are needed every day, known as Dietary Reference Intakes.
- 14. proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body, and have specific chemical shapes that allow the protein to latch on to specific food molecules
- 15. the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
- 17. a macronutrient that is composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, and is a major source of energy for the body; 1 gram of this nutrient provides 4 calories
- 20. a triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine, and produces insulin and enzymes that help break down starch, fat, and protein
Down
- 1. small units that link together to form protein molecules; there are 20 types of them, and the human body can make about half of them, while the other half needs to come from the diet
- 2. a waxy fat-like substance found only in animal products; it is not a necessary part of the diet, because the liver can produce this for the body
- 4. micronutrients that are not made by living things, but are present in soil, and are absorbed by plants through their roots; humans can get them by eating plants or animals that ate plants containing those micronutrients; examples are calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium
- 6. substances in food that provide raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out its essential processes
- 7. the process of breaking down food into smaller particles; it can be mechanical or chemical
- 9. a substance that breaks up fat particles; it is produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released through a tube into the small intestine
- 11. the organ that stores bile
- 13. a category of carbohydrates made up by many sugar molecules linked up together in a chain; examples are fibers and starches
- 16. a macronutrient that contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and is needed for tissue growth and repair, and plays an important role in chemical reactions in the cells; one gram of this nutrient provides 4 calories
- 18. a simple carbohydrate that is a major source of energy for the cells, the form of sugar the body can most easily use
- 19. a macronutrient that is composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, and is part of cell membranes; one gram of this nutrient provides 9 calories