O3 People and Vocab

7. the state of being and/or having the same, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
10. sovereignty political theory that government is created by and subject to what the people want.
11. A philosophical movement focused on society and politics which started in Europe in the 1700's. It emphasized the use of reason.
12. a social thinkers during the Enlightenment; French word for Philosopher
13. This political thinker argued that the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of people, which included life, liberty, and property.
15. This astronomer proposed the heliocentric theory, which was that the sun not the Earth, was the center of our solar system.
17. This scientist created the first vaccine to prevent smallpox using the cowpox virus.
19. agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent/agreement to be governed
20. The philosophe believed in freedom of thought and expression, religious toleration, and separation of church & state.
21. This philosophe declared that women should have the same political rights as men and believed in education for all.
22. Enlightened Despot of Russia. A friend of Voltaire, she expanded the Russian empire, improved government and economy, but didn't improve the lives of peasants.

1. This philosopher argued that government should follow whatever the majority wanted.
2. This English politician and writer argued for the adoption of new scientific techniques such as the experimental method.
3. Enlightened despot of Prussia. Declared himself the "1st servant of the state." He granted religious freedom, improved education, and abolished torture, but didn't free the serfs.
4. Using logical steps and thought processes in order to reach conclusions
5. Among his many scientific discoveries are the fact that falling objects accelerate at fixed and predictable rates. Using a telescope he built, he eventually confirmed that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
6. An 18th-century European monarch inspired by Enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of their subjects.
8. The ability to do as one pleases; freedom of choice.
9. This philosophe proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of a government.
14. This mathematician and physicist brought together previous theories under a single theory of motion known as the law of Universal Gravitation.
16. the division of government into separate branches
18. Enlightened Despot of Austria; He expanded education, granted religious freedom, improved education and abolished serfdom. All reforms were undone after he died.