Across
- 1. The movement of water up the beach after a wave breaks
- 4. Steep descent from the edge of the continental shelf to the ocean floor
- 5. Global conveyor belt of ocean water driven by temperature and salinity differences
- 8. A shallow body of water separated from the sea by a barrier such as a reef of barrier island
- 9. A temporary rise in sea level caused by strong winds and low atmospheric pressure during storms
- 11. The distance over open water that a wind blows, affecting the size and strength of waves
- 13. A climate pattern characterized by the warming of surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, affecting global weather.
- 14. The farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and seaweed
- 16. A broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inward, usually formed by differential erosion
- 17. The rise of cold, nutrient-rich water from deep in the ocean to the surface, supporting high productivity
- 19. Deep, narrow depression in the ocean floor formed at subduction zones where tectonic plates collide
- 24. Waters up to 12 nautical miles from a country's coastline, under its sovereignty
- 25. Continuous directed movement of seawater generated by forces like wind, Earth's rotation, and salinity differences.
Down
- 1. Coastal defenses built with concrete and other hard materials
- 2. The counterpart of El Nino, marked by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Pacific
- 3. The loss of color in corals due to stress factors such as increased sea temperatures or pollution
- 6. The wearing away of coastal land by natural forces such as waves, tides, and currents
- 7. Shallow, submerged extension of a continent, gradually sloping before dropping off at the continental slope
- 10. A large powerful sea wave caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, often due to earthquakes or landslides
- 12. The process of retrieving mineral resources from the ocean floor
- 15. A steep rock face along the coast, formed by processes of erosion and weathering
- 18. A natural rock formation where an opening has been eroded through a headland
- 20. The force of waves compressing air in cracks, causing rock to break apart
- 21. Harvesting fish at a rate faster than they can reproduce, leading to population decline
- 22. An increase in the average level of the world's oceans due to melting ice and thermal expansion
- 23. A landform at the mouth of a river where sediment is deposited faster than it can be removed by tides and waves.
- 26. Measure of the amount of dissolved salts in water, typically expressed in parts per thousand