Operating System

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Across
  1. 8. — External or auxiliary memory like hard drives and SSDs.
  2. 9. — Hardware unit that converts virtual addresses to physical addresses.
  3. 11. — Process of freeing allocated memory.
  4. 12. — Condition where excessive swapping slows system performance.
  5. 13. — Permanent memory used to store firmware instructions.
  6. 14. — Memory management technique dividing memory into fixed-size blocks.
  7. 16. — Temporary memory where data is stored during processing.
  8. 18. — Memory division based on logical program parts.
  9. 20. — High-speed memory used to store frequently accessed data.
  10. 21. — Range of memory addresses available to a process.
  11. 22. — Function of the operating system that controls and coordinates computer memory.
  12. 24. — Event that occurs when required page is not in main memory.
  13. 25. — Memory wastage due to non-contiguous allocation.
Down
  1. 1. — The main memory directly accessible by the CPU.
  2. 2. — Fixed-size block of physical memory in RAM.
  3. 3. — Unused space outside allocated memory blocks.
  4. 4. — Technique that allows execution of processes larger than physical memory.
  5. 5. — Process of assigning memory to a process.
  6. 6. — Process of merging free memory spaces to reduce fragmentation.
  7. 7. — Fixed-size block of virtual memory.
  8. 10. — Unused space inside allocated memory blocks.
  9. 15. — Data structure mapping virtual pages to physical frames.
  10. 17. — Logical unit such as code, data, or stack.
  11. 19. — Moving processes between main memory and disk.
  12. 23. — Another term for primary memory (RAM).