Across
- 4. A white blood cell that acts as an antigen-presenting cell in the skin and mucosa.
- 10. A lymphocyte that is part of the initial innate immune response, which by unknown mechanisms is able to directly identify and then destroy cells recognized as foreign.
- 11. The subset of cytokines primarily produced by monocytes or macrophages that serve as biochemical mediators in an immune response.
- 15. The ability to reduce the virulence of a pathogenic microorganism but still keep it viable, as is done in the development of certain vaccines.
- 16. Decreased salivary flow that may result in xerostomia (dry mouth).
- 19. Dryness of the mucous membranes, including the oral cavity; usually caused by hyposalivation or decreased salivary flow.
- 25. The proteins secreted by plasma cells that serve as antibodies designed to respond to a specific antigen; includes IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
- 30. A classic example of type III hypersensitivity that involves a drug allergy to antitoxin serum from horses.
- 32. An increased responsiveness that results from the retained memory of an already encountered antigen.
- 33. The subset of cytokines produced by B-cell or T-cell lymphocytes in contact with antigens that serve as biochemical mediators in an immune response.
- 35. An immunity that uses antibodies produced by another person to protect an individual against infectious disease, which includes both natural immunity and acquired immunity.
- 37. Mature neutrophil with a phagocytized spherical inclusion derived from another neutrophil; it is used as a marker of autoimmune diseases.
- 38. A type of indirect protection from an infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of the population becomes immune to the infection.
- 39. inflammation of a mucosal tissue caused by a disease process.
- 40. Multiple areas of well-demarcated swelling of the skin, usually accompanied by itching. The lesions are caused by localized areas of vascular permeability in the superficial connective tissue beneath the epithelium. Also known as hives.
- 44. The proteins produced by various cell types for the purpose of intercellular communication or signaling; immunologic cytokines are involved as biochemical mediators in the immune response.
- 45. The agents that can be added to a vaccine to modify the immune response.
- 48. As a cytokine and within the family of glycoproteins, it has immunoregulatory, antineoplastic, and antiviral activity.
- 49. An immunopathologic condition characterized by tissue trauma caused by an immune response against tissue constituents of one’s own body.
- 51. An altered state of reactivity in which the body reacts to a foreign agent such as an allergen with a ed immune response; includes types I through IV.
- 52. Tissue composed of lymphocytes supported by a meshwork of connective tissue; includes tonsillar tissue, lymph nodes, and lymphatic organs.
- 55. An immunity in which the major role is played by T-cell lymphocytes.
- 56. Affecting both mucosal surfaces (i.e., oral mucosa, genital mucosa) and skin
Down
- 1. An immunity in which both the B-cell lymphocytes and the antibodies they produce as plasma cells play a predominant role.
- 2. An antibody that reacts against a tissue constituent of one’s own body.
- 3. A collection of 50 or more lymphocytes clustered within the salivary gland parenchyma (1 focus = 50 or more lymphocytes). A focus score of 1 or more is compatible with a diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome.
- 5. Antibody that binds to certain antibodies found in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue diseases such as Sjögren syndrome. Current assays test for IgM-class rheumatoid factor.
- 6. A large, tissue-bound, mononuclear phagocyte derived from monocytes circulating in the blood, which can become mobile when stimulated by inflammation and interact with lymphocytes in an immune response as well as during inflammation.
- 7. An antigen that produces a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction.
- 8. Hypersensitivity acquired through exposure to a particular allergen that elicits an exaggerated reaction on reexposure to the same allergen.
- 9. Dissolution of the intercellular bridges of the prickle cell layer of the epithelium.
- 12. An immunopathologic condition that involves a compromised or entirely absent immune system involving its white blood cells and their products.
- 13. An immunity based on antibodies developed in response to an antigen, which includes both natural and acquired types.
- 14. A severe immediate type of hypersensitivity in which an exaggerated immunologic reaction occurs on reexposure to a foreign protein or other substance after sensitization, resulting in not only hives, itching, and swelling, but also vascular collapse and shock, as well as death.
- 17. A lymphocyte that develops in lymphoid tissue other than the thymus and that can later differentiate into a plasma cell that produces antibody, the main initiator of humoral immunity.
- 18. The symptom of severe itching caused by a disease process, possibly a hypersensitivity reaction or allergy.
- 20. A lesion that appears as a diffuse swelling of tissue caused by increased permeability of deeper blood vessels. The skin covering the swelling appears normal.
- 21. A group of signs and symptoms that occur together in one condition.
- 22. A protein molecule or immunoglobulin that is secreted by plasma cells and reacts with a specific antigen; includes five classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
- 23. An induction of active immunity, such as when the pathogenic microorganism used to induce active immunity is encountered after vaccination.
- 24. Any substance able to induce a specific immune response.
- 26. A migratory cell of connective tissue that contains many granules of histamine.
- 27. A specialized dendritic cell found in the skin and mucosal tissue that is involved in the immune response.
- 28. The combination of an antibody and antigen, producing a complex that can initiate a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction.
- 29. Diagnostic sign whereby the superficial epithelium separates easily from the basal layer on exertion of firm, sliding manual pressure with the fingers or a tongue blade.
- 31. An agent that alters the immune response by adding or reducing the ability of the response.
- 34. Organ consisting of lymphoid tissue located high in the chest, which is large in an infant and gradually shrinks in size in adulthood; site of T-cell lymphocyte maturation.
- 36. The white blood cells involved in the immune response that have three major subsets that include the B-cell lymphocyte, T-cell lymphocyte, and natural killer cell.
- 41. The level of antibody in the blood that can be measured by a diagnostic laboratory test.
- 42. An immune response to a foreign substance based on the specific memory of a past exposure to that same foreign substance.
- 43. nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction, in which a small sterile needle is inserted into the skin of the forearm. A small red bump or postule will appear at the site of needle insertion in 1 to 2 days if the test is positive. May be used in the diagnosis of Beçhet syndrome.
- 46. Detached rounded cells caused by a loss of attachment between epithelial cells. Also known as acantholytic cells. These cells are present with pemphigus vulgaris.
- 47. Fibrous adhesion between the eyeball and conjunctiva.
- 50. An alteration in taste.
- 53. A test that measures lacrimal gland flow by placing special filter paper strips inside the lower eyelid for 5 minutes.
- 54. The cell derived from B-cell lymphocytes that produces antibodies in response to the presence of antigen.
- 57. A lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and is mainly responsible for initiating cell-mediated immunity as well as modulating humoral immunity.