Organisms p1

4. Organisms that require an organic supply of carbon, such as carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins.
8. Organisms composed of multiple specialized cells that collaborate for survival and can often be seen with the naked eye.
12. An unspecialized cell capable of dividing without limit and differentiating into specialized cells under specific conditions.
13. Cells with the potential to differentiate into any cell needed for an organism to grow, including extraembryonic tissues like the placenta.
15. A fully specialized cell that can only produce more of its own specific cell type.
16. A substance with a jelly-like consistency within the cell.
17. Cells that can differentiate into different types of cells within a specific cell lineage, such as blood cells.
18. An anaerobic pathway where pyruvate acts as a hydrogen acceptor and is converted to lactate, allowing glycolysis to continue without oxygen.
19. Molecular switches that drive cellular differentiation by binding to specific DNA sequences and regulating gene expression.
20. Organisms consisting of a single cell that performs all life functions (e.g., bacteria, amoeba).

1. The process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
2. The lysis (splitting) of glucose, occurring in 10 steps.
3. Known as the "energy currency" of the cell; it is a small, water-soluble universal intermediary molecule.
5. Cells that can differentiate into any type of human tissue but cannot support the full development of an organism (cannot form extraembryonic tissues).
6. Cells limited to becoming one of only a few different cell types.
7. The process in which organic molecules act as fuel and are broken down in stages to release electrons (chemical potential energy).
9. Small structures within a cell, often described as "small organs".
10. Organisms that can use an inorganic carbon source, such as CO2.
11. A "bag" in which the chemistry of life occurs, partially separated from the outside environment.
14. An anaerobic pathway where glucose is converted to ethanol; pyruvate is decarboxylated to ethanal, which is then reduced to ethanol.