Across
- 2. Orthostatic hypotension is a clinical finding defined by a fall in systolic blood pressure greater than _____ millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or a fall of in diastolic pressure greater than 10 mmHg.
- 4. When less blood flows back to the heart, _____ (or the volume of blood pumped out of the heart to the rest of the body during each cardiac contraction) decreases and eventually causes a fall in blood pressure.
- 8. One important lifestyle modifications that can help to decrease venous pooling to the lower body and increase the intravascular volume is to increase ______ 2 to 3 liters per day.
- 9. As a person engages in restriction and their body mass decreases so does the heart's ____. This decreases the amount of blood pumped out of the hear per minute. This has a huge impact on the body's ability to sustain life.
- 12. The blood pressure when your heart is filling or relaxed.
- 13. The blood pressure when your heart is contracting or beating.
- 16. When someone stands up from lying down, gravity causes 500-800ml of this to shift from the upper body to the lower body.
- 17. The principle goal of the treatment in orthostatic hypotension is to reduce adverse outcomes such as ______, disability, and impaired quality of life.
- 19. Mitral Valve ____ is found in 30-50% of people with anorexia and is the most common cause of chest pain for people with anorexia. This is generally caused by the loss of heart muscle causing the mitral valve to sag into the left ventricle of the heart and inhibits the ability of the valve to close properly. This causes a backflow of blood into the left atrium instead of flowing out to the body.
- 22. At least 1/3 of deaths in patients with an eating disorder are estimated to be due to _______ complication, mainly sudden death. Data shows that 80% of people with an eating disorder have one of these.
- 23. Receptors sensitive to changes in pressure. These are present in the carotid sinus and in the aortic arch which play an important role in regulating blood pressure by sensing the grade of distension of the vessels.
Down
- 1. The flow of blood from the periphery back to the right atrium of the heart. This is decreased during orthostasis.
- 2. Postural _____ syndrome is another form of chronic orthostatic intolerance, mostly affecting children and young adults. These patients usually present with the typical symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, but have little or no fall of blood pressure and an exaggerated increase in heart rate (>30bpm).
- 3. Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension result from transient insufficient _______to organ tissue, mostly the brain. Dizziness, lightheadedness, weakness, blurred vision and in severe cases syncope, are the most commonly reported symptoms.
- 5. With decreased ____ sometimes the body will shunt blood to the torso and brain to keep them functioning and may decrease the flow to extremities like your hands and feet. This can be seen when patients constantly have cold hands and feet or prolonged return of blood flow and coloring to fingers and toes.
- 6. Ventricular _____ is when the ventricles of the heart are moving so quickly they are not effectively pumping blood. The muscle of the ventricles quiver instead of compress and pump the blood. When this happens, blood is no longer pumped in to the lungs or the body, the majority of it backflows between the atria and ventricles. This is a life-threatening condition that requires emergency management.
- 7. Orthostatic hypotension treatment is indicated for those who are symptomatic and therapy should be driven by ______ and not by targets of blood pressure.
- 10. Arrythmias and other cardiac complications increases a person's risk of _____ from the blood staying stagnant in the heart. Once this is in the ventricle this can be pushed out into the body and cause a stroke or heart attack.
- 11. A normal physiological response of the sympathetic nervous system to counteract a fall in blood pressure when a person is laying down and assumes the upright position.
- 14. One principle condition that can lead to orthostatic hypotension is ____volume depletion. This fluid is comprised of whole blood volume and also includes red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. In medicine, this refers to the volume of blood in a patient's circulatory system.
- 15. The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.
- 18. ______ is useful to give us a clue to the etiology of orthostatic hypotension. If the response of this to postural change is a difference of >20 bpm it suggests volume depletion is the cause.
- 20. A heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. This along with hypotension (low blood pressure) are the most common complications found in 95% of patients with anorexia.
- 21. When the atria are quivering instead of the ventricles. This causes the body to have a hard time filling the ventricles and receiving blood from the body and lungs. This can result in blood pooling in the lungs and lower extremities as the heart cannot effectively pump. This prevents the muscles of the heart from receiving the blood flow they need to function and sustain their rapid rate which can lead to a heart attack.
- 24. Disorders of the heart causing irregular ineffective heartbeats. Patients with eating disorders are more prone to these even after recovery.