Across
- 4. Male singer who was castrated before his voice changed, often featured in Italian opera of the Baroque.
- 6. Polyphonic setting of a secular poem, common in Renaissance music.
- 8. Elaborate piece for voice and orchestra in an opera, cantata, or oratorio.
- 11. Form: ABA
- 17. Musical embellishment, often improvised by performers
- 18. Preexisting chant or other melody presented in one voice of a polyphonic work, often in slow time values, while other voices weave melodies around it.
- 23. Aria with an ABA; form, prevalent in the Baroque period.
- 24. High male voice
- 28. Medieval French musicians who played and sang secular music
- 29. Close of a musical phrase or statement.
- 30. In a fugue, a musical line that is presented every time the fugue subject appears.
- 33. Italian “Beautiful Song.” Italian style of singing, associated with early nineteenth-century opera, characterized by a lyrical and highly ornamented style.
- 36. In first-movement sonata forms, the main middle section, in which melodies and motives from the first section are fragmented, recombined, and used in combination with modulation/key changes
- 39. Monophonic religious melody sung in Latin, without instrumental accompaniment; its rhythm is not notated
- 41. Plucked string instrument popular during the Renaissance and Baroque periods and often used to accompany song
- 42. Continuous bass line and chords, used in the Baroque period to accompany one or more melodic lines, and most often played by a bass melody instrument and a keyboard instrument, for example cello and harpsichord.
- 46. Ending section of a first-movement sonata or other movement.
- 47. Use of music to imitate images and sounds described in the text
- 49. Type of Italian opera of the eighteenth century with a serious (often historical or mythological) subject matter, generally in three acts.
- 50. Text setting with many notes per syllable
- 52. The art of creating simultaneous independent melodies.
- 55. Lower range for female or child's voice.
- 56. Text of an opera.
- 57. Piece for orchestra, usually in four movements, especially important in the Classic period
- 58. Sung portions of the Mass text that do not vary according to the church calendar: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei.
Down
- 1. Lowest range for male voice
- 2. Form: AABB where the A comes back at the end of the B
- 3. Instrumental showpiece, most often for keyboard instrument, often improvisatory in sound, and common in the Baroque period.
- 4. Music performed by a small number of people; originally intended for a small audience.
- 5. Popular Baroque dance in compound meter.
- 7. Recitative in which the orchestra provides an accompaniment, and generally reserved for moments of high intensity or importance.
- 9. Rhythm of chord changes; the speed at which the harmony changes in a piece of music.
- 10. Another word for Gregorian chant
- 12. Piece for one or more virtuoso solo instruments with orchestra, usually in three movements.
- 13. Common chamber music ensemble, usually consisting of two violins, viola, and cello.
- 14. Characteristic musical phrase or fragment that is used as a building block of a musical composition.
- 15. Drama for the stage in which all characters sing their parts.
- 16. Text setting in which each syllable has one note
- 19. Polyphonic composition based on a single theme or subject, which is introduced in imitation in all voices at the beginning of the piece and recurs thereafter in various voices. In the exposition, each voice enters in turn with a statement of the subject; between later entries of the subject, there may be episodes in which the subject is absent or is given only in fragmented form.
- 20. Third main section of first-movement sonata form, paralleling the exposition, but ending in the home key.
- 21. Texts for certain chants of the Mass which vary from day to day, according to the church calendar: Introit, Gradual, Alleluia, Sequence, Offertory, Communion.
- 22. Form: ABACABA or another one where the A returns between other ideas
- 24. Musical form in which a melody, harmonic structure, or other musical thematic material is presented, followed by a series of variants. AA’A”A’’’ etc.
- 25. Highest voice part
- 26. Gathering of artists and intellectuals in a private home, for the sharing of art and ideas.
- 27. Recitative in the most usual sense, in which words are sung in a spoken rhythm, with simple chordal accompaniment played by keyboard instrument, sometimes with cello.
- 30. High male voice in the soprano/alto range, usually using falsetto.
- 31. Type of Italian opera of the eighteenth century with a comic plot, generally in two acts.
- 32. Passage of music that recurs within a movement. In a Baroque concerto, movements typically begin and end with the ritornello, which also recurs, in various keys, between solo passages.
- 34. German “Song”: Short musical composition, generally for solo voice and piano, often based on a poem.
- 35. Passage in opera and oratorio in which solo singers deliver text at a speed and in a rhythm that is intended to follow normal speech, accompanied by chords, most often short punctuating chords played by harpsichord or organ
- 37. Comic song in opera and musical theater characterized by rapid delivery of tongue-twisting text.
- 38. Renaissance instrumental ensemble, sometimes made up of many of the same instrument
- 40. Short passage of music that is repeated several times, at progressively higher or lower pitches
- 43. Form most often used in first movements of symphonies, sonatas, and other instrumental works of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, consisting primarily of exposition, development, recapitulation, and coda.
- 44. Style of chant or other vocal setting having two or three notes per syllable.
- 45. Self-contained section of a larger musical work, generally characterized by its own tempo
- 48. Central service of Catholic worship, commemorating the Last Supper and the death and resurrection of Jesus.
- 51. In a fugue, the opening section, in which each voice states the subject; in first-movement sonata form, the opening section, in which the main themes are presented, starting in the home key but then establishing the dominant or another new key area.
- 53. Large-scale musical setting of a religious drama, generally in operatic style but unstaged.
- 54. Catholic practicing in secret during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I