Across
- 3. A force that acts between nucleons in a nucleus to keep it stable. It is attractive at distances of up to 3fm and repulsive at separations less than 0.5fm.
- 6. The number of protons present in the nucleus of a given element.
- 8. A quantum number that is conserved in strong interactions but not in weak interactions. This reflects that strange particles are always produced in pairs.
- 10. A group of elementary subatomic particles, consisting of electrons, muons and neutrinos.
- 12. The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a metal’s surface.
- 15. The process of a particle and its antiparticle colliding and being converted into energy. The energy is released in two photons to conserve momentum.
- 16. The process of a sufficiently high-energy photon converting into a particle and its corresponding antiparticle. To conserve momentum, this usually occurs near a nucleus.
- 17. The process of an unstable nucleus emitting an alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons) to become more stable.
- 18. A packet of energy.
- 19. The exchange particles that transmit the four fundamental interactions between particles.
- 21. The process of a neutron inside a nucleus turning into a proton, and emitting a beta-minus particle (an electron) and a antineutrino.
- 22. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in a given nucleus.
- 24. All particles have a corresponding antiparticle with the same mass but opposite charge and conservation numbers.
- 25. A subatomic particle whose existence was hypothesised to maintain the conservation of energy in beta decay.
- 27. A class of hadron, that is made up of three quarks. The proton is the only stable baryon.
- 28. A proton or neutron.
- 29. The minimum potential difference required to stop the highest kinetic energy electrons from leaving the metal plate in the photoelectric effect.
- 30. A class of subatomic particle that experiences the strong nuclear interaction.
- 31. The process of a proton inside a nucleus turning into a neutron, and emitting a beta-plus particle (a positron) and a neutrino.
- 33. Particles that are produced through the strong interaction but decay through the weak interaction.
- 34. The work done to accelerate an electron through a potential difference of 1V. 1eV is equal to the charge of an electron (E=qv).
Down
- 1. The process of an electron taking in exactly the right quantity of energy to move to a higher energy level.
- 2. Data from isotopes that can be used for a purpose, such as carbon dating.
- 4. The most stable energy level that an electron can exist in.
- 5. A type of meson and the exchange particle for the strong nuclear force.
- 7. The process of an atom losing an orbital electron and becoming charged.
- 9. A type of meson that decays into pions.
- 11. The minimum frequency of photons required for photoelectrons to be emitted from the surface of a metal plate through the photoelectric effect. It is equal to the metal’s work function divided by Planck’s constant.
- 13. A quantum number that is conserved in all particle interactions. Both electron lepton numbers and muon lepton numbers must be conserved.
- 14. A quantum number that is conserved in all particle interactions. Baryons have a baryon number of +1 and non-baryons have a baryon number of 0.
- 18. A positively charged particle that is the antiparticle of an electron.
- 20. Defined and distinct energies at which electrons can exist in an atom. An electron cannot exist between energy levels.
- 23. Same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- 26. The spreading of electrons as they pass through a gap similar to the magnitude of their de Broglie wavelength. It is evidence of the wave-like properties of particles.
- 32. A class of hadron that is made up of a quark and antiquark pair. Muon A type of lepton that decays into electrons.