Across
- 3. __________ bone, which forms the outer shell of a bone, has a densely packed, calcified intercellular matrix
- 9. the part of the bone shaft that funnels out as it approaches the epiphysis is called the ____________
- 13. _________ formation occurs during the first 1 to 2 days after a bone fracture
- 20. Venous Doppler ___________ is the accepted test for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis
- 22. ______________ skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower extremities, including the shoulder and hip
- 23. bone-building cells that synthesize and secrete the organic matrix of bone
- 25. _________ join muscles to the periosteum of the articulating bones ends of bones together
- 26. _________ is a softening of the articular cartilage, is seen most commonly on the undersurface of the patella
- 27. __________ may reduce the number and resorptive function of the osteoclasts
- 28. _________ bone is a strong, mature form of bone that is formed slowly and is highly organized
- 33. approximately 80% of the wet weight of cartilage is _______ held in its gel structure
- 36. A large area of local hemorrhage is called a _________
- 37. __________ syndrome is a condition of increased pressure within a limited space that compromises the circulation and function of the tissues in the space
- 40. __________ canals contain blood vessels in the spaces in the cortical bone that run parallel through the long axis of the bone for a short distance
- 41. __________ is a percutaneous osteotomy that preserves the periosteal and endosteal tissues.
- 43. __________ inhibits 1,25-(OH)2D3 production by the kidney
- 47. _________ fracture results from a twisting motion, or torque
- 48. ___________ are joints in which bones are connected by hyaline cartilage and have limited motion
- 50. The shoulder is composed of three bones: the scapula, the clavicle, and the _________
- 53. Puncture wounds from nails or rusted material provide the setting for growth of ___________ bacteria such as those that cause tetanus and gas gangrene
- 56. ______________ cells contribute to the growth and remodelling of bone and are necessary for bone repair
- 58. the term describing death of a segment of bone, caused by the interruption of blood supply to the marrow, medullary bone, or cortex
- 61. Cartilage cells are called __________
- 64. _________ bone infections are those inadvertently brought about by surgery or other treatments
- 66. a small bony tumour found on the surface of a long bone, flat bone, or the skull
- 67. __________ osteomyelitis originates with infectious organisms that reach the bone through the bloodstream
- 68. a lesion in which bone formation forms a sheath around the necrotic sequestrum
- 70. Fracture _______ are skin bullae that represent areas of epidermal necrosis with separation of epidermis from the underlying dermis by edema fluid
- 71. ____________ permit a certain amount of movement; they are separated by a fibrous disk and joined by interosseous ligaments
- 73. _________ fractures are caused by simple angular forces
- 75. The diagnosis of bone tumours includes radiologic staging and _______
- 77. _________ bone is deposited more rapidly and is of low tensile strength, serving as temporary scaffolding for support
- 84. At birth, nearly all of the marrow is red and _____________ active
- 85. ___________ bones are composed of a layer of cancellous bone between two layers of compact bone, found in areas such as the skull and rib cage
- 88. A __________ is a stretching injury to a muscle or a musculotendinous unit caused by mechanical overloading
- 91. an acute or chronic infection of the bone
- 92. the two ends of a long bone are called ___________
- 93. PTH and __________ stimulate 1,25-(OH)2D3 production by the kidney
- 94. A __________ is an injury to soft tissue that results from direct trauma, the skin overlying the injury remains intact
- 95. fat _______ syndrome refers to manifestations resulting from the presence of fat droplets in the small blood vessels of the lung or other organs after a long bone fracture or other major trauma
- 96. Arthroscopic ___________ may be performed when there is recurrent or persistent locking, recurrent effusion, or disabling pain due to an injury in the meniscus
- 97. extracellular fluid-filled passageways permeate the calcified matrix and connect with the lacunae of adjacent osteocytes
- 98. The __________ function reflexively to adjust the tension of the muscles that support the joint
- 99. the _______________ joint that joins the clavicle to the acromion of the scapula
- 100. the _______ joint that connects the head of the humerus to the relatively shallow glenoid cavity in the scapula
Down
- 1. Circumferential __________ follow the entire inner and outer shaft of a long bone, appearing much like the growth rings of a tree
- 2. __________ joints are freely movable joints
- 4. A __________ is a partial dislocation in which the bone ends in the joint are still in partial contact with each other
- 5. The inorganic matter consists of ___________, an insoluble macrocrystalline structure of calcium phosphate salts, and small amounts of calcium carbonate and calcium fluoride
- 6. the subdeltoid and subcoracoid are sometimes referred to as the _________ bursae, which often communicate and are affected by lesions of the rotator cuff
- 7. ________ in the skeletal system are referred to as bone tumours
- 8. Intestinal absorption of vitamin D occurs mainly in the ________ and includes vitamin D2 and vitamin D3
- 10. __________ are joints that lack a joint cavity and move little or not at all
- 11. __________ the repair of a joint
- 12. ________ fracture, which is seen in children, is an example of a partial break in bone continuity and resembles that seen when a young sapling is broken
- 14. tough bundles of collagenous fibres called __________ that attach to the joint capsule and bind the articular
- 15. _______ represents soft tissue complications of musculoskeletal injuries that cause pain out of proportion to the injury, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction manifested by hyperhidrosis
- 16. When the bone fragments have broken through the skin, the fracture is called an open or _______ fracture
- 17. a tumour composed of hyaline cartilage
- 18. ________ is the restoration of a fractured bone to its normal anatomic position
- 19. A _________ involves the displacement or separation of the bone ends of a joint with loss of articulation
- 21. __________ is the final stage of bone healing and involves resorption of the excess bony callus
- 24. In the skin, ultraviolet radiation from sunlight spontaneously converts 7-__________ D3 to vitamin D3
- 29. ___________ skeleton is composed of the bones of the skull, thorax, and vertebral column, forms the axis of the body
- 30. A typical long bone has a shaft, or _____________
- 31. Tendons that may rub against bone or other friction-generating surfaces are enclosed in double-layered _______
- 32. A fracture is called _______ when the fracture fragments are wedged together
- 34. the ___________ joint that joins the sternum to the clavicle
- 35. A bunion is an inflamed bursa of the _____________ joint of the great toe.
- 38. _________ refers to inflammation of the tendon
- 39. The _________ consist of concentric lamellae of bone matrix, surrounding a central canal
- 42. _______ bodies are small pieces of bone or cartilage within a joint space that can result from trauma to the joint
- 44. A ___________ is an injury in which the skin is torn or its continuity is disrupted
- 45. __________ are closed sacs that contain synovial fluid and prevent friction on a tendon.
- 46. ___________ is secreted by the parafollicular, or C, cells of the thyroid gland
- 49. _____________ are nonmovable joints in which the surfaces of the bones are joined by dense connective tissue or bone
- 51. The osteocytes lie in a small lake filled with extracellular fluid, called a ____________
- 52. according to the _______ law, bone responds to mechanical stress by becoming thicker and stronger in relation to its function.
- 54. _________ fracture has more than two pieces
- 55. The four most common types of benign bone tumours are osteoma, chondroma, osteochondroma, and _____ cell tumour
- 56. The two major forms of bone cancer in children and young adults are ________ and Ewing sarcoma
- 57. __________ the study of joints
- 59. A ________ involves the ligamentous structures (strong bands of connective tissue) surrounding the joint and usually is caused by abnormal or excessive movement of the joint
- 60. The long bones of the skeleton, which grow at a relatively rapid rate, are provided with a specialized structure called the _______ growth plate
- 62. __________ canals contain blood vessels, and are spaces in the cortex of bone that run perpendicular to the long axis of the cortex
- 63. __________ fracture, as occurs in the vertebral body, involves two bones that are crushed or squeezed together
- 65. ___________ is failure to produce union and cessation of the processes of bone repair
- 68. There are three objectives for treatment of fractures: reduction of the fracture, __________, and preservation and restoration of the function of the injured part.
- 69. Bone cells responsible for the resorption of bone matrix and the release of calcium and phosphate from bone
- 72. __________ of the lumbar spine in such sports as track, wrestling, gymnastics, and diving, can tear the muscles, fascia, and ligaments
- 74. ____________ refill time, which is assessed by applying pressure to the fingernail and observing the rate of blood return is important to assess following application of a splint/cast
- 76. __________ hormone increases the number and resorptive function of the osteoclasts
- 78. _________ refers to healing with deformity, angulation, or rotation that is visible on x-ray films
- 79. The free surfaces of most hyaline cartilage are covered by a layer of fibrous connective tissue called the _______
- 80. _________ bone is found in the interior of bones and is composed of trabeculae
- 81. _____________ has characteristics that are intermediate between dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage. It is found in the intervertebral disks, in areas where tendons are connected to bone, and in the symphysis pubis
- 82. __________ is a pulling force applied to an extremity or part of the body while a counterforce, or countertraction, pulls in the opposite direction
- 83. An example of external _______ devices are pins or screws, which are inserted directly into the bone above and below the fracture site
- 86. __________ fluid acts as a lubricant and facilitates the movement of the articulating surfaces of the joint
- 87. In joint injury, __________ infiltrate the injured area during the initial healing process and supply the fibroblasts with the materials they need to produce large amounts of collagen
- 89. Bones are covered, except at their articular ends, by a membrane called the ___________
- 90. Intra-articular ________ are fibrocartilage structures that develop from portions of the articular disk that occupied the space between articular cartilage surfaces during fetal development