Across
- 3. Being free from infection
- 4. A/an ___ is an extremely small, nonliving infectious agent, ranging from 30 to 450 nm in diameter, that can cause disease in a wide variety of animals
- 5. The second most common antibody in blood; the major immunoglobulin isotype produced in a primary immune response
- 7. An infectious organism that can cause disease in a host
- 8. The housing, diet, and environment of animals
- 13. Ingestion of substances by cells
- 16. A vaccine that contains whole killed pathogens or selected antigenic subunits in amounts sufficient to induce immunity
- 17. The term used to characterize pathogens, especially viruses that infect cells of the central nervous system
- 18. The type of immunity conferred to the body by exposure to a pathogen by natural means rather than through vaccination
- 20. Type of lymphocyte that can be transformed into plasma cells upon antigenic stimulation, to produce antibodies
- 21. Suppurative exudates are also known as ___ exudates
- 22. An organism whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
- 24. A severe hypersensitivity reaction
- 25. The primary immunoglobulin associated with allergic and parasitic reactions
- 27. An increase over the normal expected number of human idsease cases in a geographic area or over a certain time period
- 28. The term used to characterize pathogens, especially viruses that infect epithelial cells such as respiratory, intestinal, or urinary epithelium
- 31. The cell into which a B lymphocyte is transformed to produce and secrete antibodies (2 words)
- 32. An antigen that evokes an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction
- 33. After a monocytes leaves the bloodstream and enters tissue at the site of inflammation, it becomes an activated ___
- 35. The process of coating of the outer surface of pathogens by antibodies to allow easier phagocytosis by macrophages
- 36. A severe hypersensitivity reaction
- 40. A tear or jagged wound
- 42. A/an ___ exudate consists primarily of fluid with low protein content
- 43. A postmortem examination of an animal body
- 44. A scar
- 46. A chemical substance that causes disease; often produced by Gram-positive bacteria and secreted into the surrounding medium
- 47. The most common antibody, found in the highest concentration in blood
- 48. An increase over the normal expected number of animal disease cases in a geographic area or over a certain time period
- 50. The location in which a pathogenic agent is maintained prior to transmission
- 52. An injury caused by physical means, with disruption of normal structures
- 53. The protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of viruses
- 54. The type of exudate formed when a purulent material changes into a thick, pasty material
Down
- 1. An injury whereby the epithelium is removed from the tissue surface
- 2. The particular part of the antigen that binds the antibody
- 6. A bruise or injury with no break in the surface of the tissue
- 9. Antigens found on the surface of red blood cells that characterize the blood as being a certain type are ___ antigens (2 words)
- 10. An exudate composed primarily of lymphocytes and monocytes is said to be ___
- 11. A/an ___ is inactivated antigenic toxin molecules that stimulate development of the animal's own antibodies
- 12. An increase above the body's normal temperature due to such things as drugs, toxins, or external temperatures
- 14. ___ tissue is the highly vascularized connective tissue produced after extensive tissue damage
- 15. Another name for a fever
- 19. A humoral or cell-mediated immune response against antigens found in a body's own cells
- 23. The sanitizing agent found in products such as laundry bleach, which has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity
- 26. The formation of excessive granulation tissue is described as __ __ (2 words)
- 29. The type of lymphocyte that binds to the antigen on a macrophage surface, then secretes specific cytokines to activate other elements of cell-mediated immunity (2 words)
- 30. The process by which cells exit the blood vessels by squeezing through the microscopic space between the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels
- 34. ___ bacteria cause the host to produce a suppurative exudate
- 37. A normal level of animal disease over time in a given geographic area
- 38. A chemical substance that causes disease; produced in the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and often stimulating the release of pyrogens by the host's cells
- 39. The type of cytokine produced by macrophages
- 41. The cell of the inflammatory system with reddish-orange staining granules that is associated with parasitic infestations and allergic reactions
- 45. Rupture of a red blood cell membrane
- 49. A normal level of human disease over time in a given geographic area
- 51. The visible product of the inflammatory process; usually composed of cellular debris, fluids, and cells that are deposited in tissues and on tissue surfaces