Across
- 5. An antigen that evokes an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction
- 7. A postmortem examination of an animal body
- 9. A normal level of human disease over time in a given geographic area
- 11. The cell of the inflammatory system with reddish-orange staining granules that is associated with parasitic infestations and allergic reactions
- 13. The cell into which a B lymphocyte is transformed to produce and secrete antibodies (2 words)
- 14. An injury caused by physical means, with disruption of normal structures
- 16. The formation of excessive granulation tissue is described as __ __ (2 words)
- 18. Ingestion of substances by cells
- 20. The sanitizing agent found in products such as laundry bleach, which has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity
- 21. The type of cytokine produced by macrophages
- 23. A tear or jagged wound
- 25. A normal level of animal disease over time in a given geographic area
- 27. Type of lymphocyte that can be transformed into plasma cells upon antigenic stimulation, to produce antibodies
- 30. The term used to characterize pathogens, especially viruses that infect cells of the central nervous system
- 32. A humoral or cell-mediated immune response against antigens found in a body's own cells
- 33. An exudate composed primarily of lymphocytes and monocytes is said to be ___
- 34. A/an ___ is inactivated antigenic toxin molecules that stimulate development of the animal's own antibodies
- 36. An increase over the normal expected number of animal disease cases in a geographic area or over a certain time period
- 38. ___ tissue is the highly vascularized connective tissue produced after extensive tissue damage
- 40. An increase over the normal expected number of human idsease cases in a geographic area or over a certain time period
- 43. An infectious organism that can cause disease in a host
- 46. The second most common antibody in blood; the major immunoglobulin isotype produced in a primary immune response
- 47. The visible product of the inflammatory process; usually composed of cellular debris, fluids, and cells that are deposited in tissues and on tissue surfaces
- 48. A/an ___ is an extremely small, nonliving infectious agent, ranging from 30 to 450 nm in diameter, that can cause disease in a wide variety of animals
- 49. The particular part of the antigen that binds the antibody
- 51. The process by which cells exit the blood vessels by squeezing through the microscopic space between the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels
- 52. The protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of viruses
Down
- 1. ___ bacteria cause the host to produce a suppurative exudate
- 2. The location in which a pathogenic agent is maintained prior to transmission
- 3. The type of immunity conferred to the body by exposure to a pathogen by natural means rather than through vaccination
- 4. The type of exudate formed when a purulent material changes into a thick, pasty material
- 6. After a monocytes leaves the bloodstream and enters tissue at the site of inflammation, it becomes an activated ___
- 8. The type of lymphocyte that binds to the antigen on a macrophage surface, then secretes specific cytokines to activate other elements of cell-mediated immunity (2 words)
- 9. A chemical substance that causes disease; produced in the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and often stimulating the release of pyrogens by the host's cells
- 10. An injury whereby the epithelium is removed from the tissue surface
- 12. The most common antibody, found in the highest concentration in blood
- 15. The term used to characterize pathogens, especially viruses that infect epithelial cells such as respiratory, intestinal, or urinary epithelium
- 17. An increase above the body's normal temperature due to such things as drugs, toxins, or external temperatures
- 19. A vaccine that contains whole killed pathogens or selected antigenic subunits in amounts sufficient to induce immunity
- 20. Rupture of a red blood cell membrane
- 22. The primary immunoglobulin associated with allergic and parasitic reactions
- 24. A/an ___ exudate consists primarily of fluid with low protein content
- 26. The process of coating of the outer surface of pathogens by antibodies to allow easier phagocytosis by macrophages
- 28. A severe hypersensitivity reaction
- 29. A bruise or injury with no break in the surface of the tissue
- 31. An organism whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
- 35. Another name for a fever
- 37. Antigens found on the surface of red blood cells that characterize the blood as being a certain type are ___ antigens (2 words)
- 39. A severe hypersensitivity reaction
- 41. Suppurative exudates are also known as ___ exudates
- 42. A scar
- 44. A chemical substance that causes disease; often produced by Gram-positive bacteria and secreted into the surrounding medium
- 45. The housing, diet, and environment of animals
- 50. Being free from infection